Acute Complex Care (Health- nursing)

Acute complex care: Angina Pectoris
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Introduction
Acute complex care is an important aspect of contemporary nursing practice, as health care teams need to work together and assess the usefulness of their interventions. Coronary artery disease is one of the major causes of increased mortality and morbidity in the developed world (Cassar et al., 2009). Complex health problem require extra care and this has a direct impact on both carers and patients. Acutely ill patients provide a challenge to the healthcare profession as they are more vulnerable and hence there is a need to ensure that there is quality of care for critically ill patients. Similarly, advancement in the medical field and technological improvement have led patient care to be more complex than ever before, necessitating the need for acute complex care. In any case, implementation of acute care is necessary to assess the success of managing critically ill patients, while also looking into both professional and legal aspects of acute complex care. This paper highlights on aetiology, pathology, clinical presentation, assessment and current evidence based treatments of angina pectoris.
In looking at the aim of interventions in treating angina, Danchin et al (2011) point out that lowering the frequency of angina attacks and severity should be a top priority as well as preventing death from angina complications. Consequently, the role agents that lower the heart rate through therapy or beta blockers receive more attention. Other than these, other agents including nicorandil, metabolic agents, long acting nitrates and dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers become the other options being complimentary (Danchin et al., 2011). The authors point out that Trimetazidine, which has a complementary role to heart rate lowering agents, is one of the most effective given that it improves exercise performance and lowers the likelihood of angina attacks with little effect on hemodynamic parameters.
Aetiology
Angina pectoris typically known as angina and is a pain that occurs because of ischemia (Gore, 2010). This involves a lack of blood supply to the heart muscle which is in turn related to blockage of coronary arteries as this typically precedes the onset of angina (Gore , 2010). Severity of angina determines the risk of cardiac arrest, but there is weak correlation between lack of oxygen in the heart muscles and the severity of pain. Deficiency of blood supply is most likely to cause pain during physical activities as the heart typically requires more oxygen. Similarly, reducing the level of activities most likely reduces the level of pain among angina patients unlike other categories of chest pains.
There are various causes of angina, but coronary artery disease is one of the main causes (Ueda et al., 2010). Essentially, this takes place after the coronary arteries of the heart become narrow resulting to the obstruction of bloo...