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Chicago
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Literature & Language
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Reaction Paper
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English (U.S.)
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Topic:
Metabolism in Cities: Changing Ecology of the Cities
Reaction Paper Instructions:
you have to write a response 1 page paper to the readings that are attached with this as well as the instructions on the format of the response as well
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Metabolism in Cities
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According to Kennedy, Cuddihy, and Engel-Yan, the metabolism of most of the cities is growing. However there is need for further studies to ascertain the various developments that have been implemented by particular cities over the years. In terms of water, energy and material have increased over the years. However, this also depends on the age of the city in question and the stage of development. In some of the cases, cities have adopted better technologies and mechanisms to fight the challenges associated rising metabolisms rates.[Christopher Kennedy, John Cuddihy and Joshua Engel-Yan, "The Changing Metabolism Of Cities", Journal of Industrial Ecology 11, no. 2 (2007): 43-59.]
Based on the changes that are taking place in the urban areas, Grimm, Faeth, Golubiewski, Redman, Wu, Bai and Briggs point to the changing ecology of the cities. Like Kennedy, Cuddihy, and Engel-Yan, they point out that the changing populations in the urban centers, where more people are coming to reside and work, this has had massive impact on the metabolism systems. Land use has since changed, with the rise of the cities and related amenities, pollution has increased with the rise in pollutants such as carbon dioxide among others and biodiversity has been shattered by the rise in structures and the eradication of the biotic communities. At the same time climatic changes have been triggered by the cities’ metabolic trends. This is a question that can be answered using the argument posed by Bolund and Hunhammar, who bring out the need to understand the ecosystem services. Relative to growth in the city ecosyste...
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