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Psychology
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Reaction Paper
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Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to explore the professional and ethical issues of counseling and referring when dealing with counselor-client value differences.

Reaction Paper Instructions:

REACTION PAPER INSTRUCTIONS
Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to explore the professional and ethical issues of counseling and referring when dealing with counselor-client value differences.
Directions: To begin this assignment, you will need to access and read the following sources, the first 3 of which can be found in the Module/Week 2 Reading & Study folder:
1. Kocet and Herlihy’s article on values based ethical decisions: Kocet, M. M., & Herlihy, B. J. (2014). Addressing value‐based conflicts within the counseling relationship: A decision‐making model. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92(2), 180-186.
2. The American Counseling Association’s (ACA) position on referrals: Martz, E., & Kaplan, D. (2014). New responsibilities when making referrals. Counseling Today, 57(4), 24-25.
3. Sells, J. N., & Hagedorn, W. B. (2016). CACREP accreditation, ethics, and the affirmation of both religious and sexual identities: A response to Smith and Okech. Journal of Counseling & Development, 94(3), 265-279.
For this article you need to focus on the material starting on page 173 at “Embracing the Tension of Humanity” to the end.
4. The Problem/Population list found below
Your paper must be in current APA format including a title page, abstract and reference page. The paper should be 3-6 pages in length. (This does not include title page, abstract and reference page). Your paper must cite both articles.
Divide your paper into the headings below and address each question under each heading:
Summarize (1-2 pages)
In this section, summarize what you have read by condensing the three articles. Prove that you have comprehended the material by writing a clear, brief, summary of the main points of each source. A summarization is not a commentary; rather, it is an insightful précis of the longer, more elaborate article. It must provide a clear overview of the material.
Reflect (1-2 pages)
In this section reflect on what you just read and answer the following questions:
• Having read the articles, what new realizations and/or questions occurred for you?
• How do you feel about the ACA position of not referring clients based on value differences?
• Because referrals based on value differences are not ethical under the American Counseling Associations (your profession) ethics codes, read the list below of common populations and problems encountered in counseling. What personal and professional dilemmas, around specific populations or problems, might this pose for you?
Population List
____1. A person with fundamentalist religious beliefs.
____2. A woman who says that if she could turn her life over to Christ she would find peace.
____3. A person who shows little conscience development, is strictly interested in his/her own advancement, and uses others for personal gain.
____4. A gay or lesbian couple wanting to work on conflicts in their relationship.
____5. A man who wants to leave his wife and children for the sake of sexual adventures with other women.
____6. A woman who has decided to leave her husband and children to gain independence.
____7. A woman who has decided to get an abortion but wants to process her feelings around it.
____8. A teenager who is having unsafe sex and sees no problem with the behavior.
____9. A high school student who is sent to you by his parents because they suspect he is using drugs.
____10. A person who is very cerebral and is convinced that feelings are a private matter.
____11. A man who believes the best way to discipline his children is through spanking.
____12. An interracial couple coming for premarital counseling.
____13. A high school student who believes she is a lesbian and wants to discuss how to “come out” to her parents.
____14. A gay or lesbian couple wanting to adopt a child.
____15. A man who has found a way of cheating the system and getting more than his legal share of public assistance.
____16. A woman who comes with her husband for couples counseling while maintaining an extramarital affair.
____17. A man who believes internet sex can be a creative way to express sexuality.
____18. A couple who believe that sex with multiple partners is okay.
____19. A man convicted of pedophilia and court-ordered for counseling.
____20. A woman who makes her living as an exotic dancer.
____21. A man convicted of domestic violence.
____22. A woman whose children have been removed by Child Protective Services.
____23. A man recently released from jail after serving a sentence for rape.
____24. A man with terminal cancer who wants to discuss stopping all treatment to hasten his death.
____25. A woman who believes in an egalitarian marriage.
*Modified from Corey, G., Cory M.S., & Callanan, P. (2011). Issues and ethics in the helping professions, 8th ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Act (1-2 pages)
In this section put into action what you have just learned/realized as a result of the reading. Specifically address these questions:
• What actions or changes are you going to make as a result of this information?
• Who and what might you consult to assist you in resolving any personal/professional dilemmas that remain for you?

Reaction Paper Sample Content Preview:

Reaction Paper
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Abstract
Counseling is a demanding profession that involves advising people about the different challenges that they face. Since counselors are human, they have often been overwhelmed by circumstances and involved their emotions or beliefs in advising their clients. However, several authors and the American Counselling Association have proposed a new approach to the counseling process. These stakeholders’ advice counselors against allowing their personal beliefs to determine the advice they give their clients. These changes are meant to curb the increasing legal and ethical challenges that counselors have often faced. The counselor values-based conflict model is proposed as the best approach to handling these challenges. The framework guides counselors on how to undertake their work without cause conflicts with their clients.
Reaction Paper
Summary
There has been an increase in the legal and ethical conflicts between counselors and their clients. Kocet and Herlihy attribute these challenges to value-based conflicts between the two groups. According to the American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics, counsellors and counselors-in-training should not impose their values on their clients as it violates the counseling goals highlighted by the standards. It is, therefore, inappropriate for a counselor to refer a client based on religious or ethical differences. Kocet and Herlihy fronted the counselor values-based conflict model (CVCM) as a suitable approach to help in value-based ethical dilemmas. The framework employs a two-pronged approach to assist counselors in guiding their clients. The first step is to identify the nature of the value-based conflict, which would then help to determine the most appropriate route of analysis. Personal value-based conflicts are the misunderstandings related to culture, morals, and own beliefs. On the contrary, professional, ethical dilemmas entail the lack of the appropriate skills to effective counseling.
Erin Martz and David Kaplan conduct an interview on members of the Ethics Revision Task Force regarding referral issues. The members highlight the significance of respecting the personal values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of their clients and that referral based on these features should be the last resort for counselors (Martz & Kaplan, 2014). The interviewees posit that the client’s interests should supersede those of the counselor since the counseling process is about helping the client. As such, counselors should learn to manage their emotions and control their beliefs. One appropriate reason for referral could be out of incompetence in a particular area, and in such a case, the counselor should be able to prove that indeed he or she does not have any experience in the said area. They state that counselors should be careful not to appear discriminative in referring to clients and that even if they lack experience in the specific field, they should try to read and research on the area.
Sells and Hagedorn, in their response to Smith and Okech (2016), analyze the importance of protecting religious liberties as an avenue towards protecting sexual minorities. They hold three vie...
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