Pathophysiology, the side effect, the causes, treatment

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CONSTIPATION AND URINE RETENTION
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Constipation is the inability to maintain regular bowel movement for several weeks occasioned by the slow movement of stool in the digestive tract causing it to harden and dry. This may be caused by; an intestinal blockage, cancer and narrowing of colon. Others include nerve problems around the colon due to diseases like Parkinson’s and conditions affecting hormonal balance like pregnancy CITATION MAY19 \l 1033 (MAYO CLINIC, 2019).
Side effects/complications associated with constipation include micro-tears in the skin around the anus, accumulation of stool in the intestines (fecal impaction) and swollen veins around the anus due to straining when passing stool (hemorrhoids). Treatment depends with the underlying cause. Patients are advised to take high-fiber food, in addition to whole grains and fruits. It’s recommended that they regularly exercise, minimize stress and take plenty of fluids. They should not avoid the urge to pass stool and should maintain a regular bowel movement schedule.