The Description and Justification of the Two Types of Data Collection Methods

The Description and Justification of the Two Types of Data Collection Methods as Below, Two Research Questions
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Quantitative data collection method; use of dot points & references to: What is the efficiency rate of educational adverts placed in hospital brochures on reducing the number of smokers?
Independent & dependent variables
The primary outcome/ dependent variable in the study is the smoking/ not smoking, while the main independent variable is hospital education adverts an intervention. Smoking rates are compared before and after the subjects are aware of the hospital education adverts. The staff attitude towards the campaign is another independent variable that might affect the outcomes.
Type of data to be collected
There will be both nominal and ratio data, with nominal data, focusing on gender, race, education and health status. The second category of the ratio scale is focuses on the smoking history before and after intervention.
Type of instrument
The study would focus on surveys representative of the smokers to collect data and analysis information to determine the likely changes in patient smoking behaviour after intervention. The questions highlight knowledge, changes in attitude and support for smoking cessation. Questionnaire surveys help in collecting patient information that is either self-reported or interviewer administered (Saczynski, McManus, & Goldberg, 2013).
Instrument validity & reliability 
Validity will be assessed to determine that it is accurate focusing on the study questions. To ensure reliability the instrument ought to consider 2 or 3 items covering the same concept, while considering internal validity and structure.
Administration of instrument 
The instrument is administered by the interviewer after contacting the subjects’Schedule of data collection 
Data is collected before the adverts are made and six months later to evaluate whether there are differences. Data management 
Software tools help in storing and managing the collected data, with archival numbers matched to the collected details, including the participant category and the data collection method.
Other uses of method
Taking into account changes in smoking cessation is evaluated using quantitative evidence on the representative sample (Sarna, et al., 2014).
The method also helps to evaluate the association between smoking cessation and education intervention and other dependent variables.
Techniques to ensure data quality 
Using the same data methods ensures that this gives the same conclusions and the study can be replicated by researchers (Parvanta, et al., 2013). Data that is relevant to the users that is accurate, complete, accessible, timely
Particular ethical issues with method 
The main ethical issues are to reduce bias while maintaining confidentiality. Limitations of method 
Analysing data when the patients are reluctant to give negative answers whether that the education adverts are ineffective.
Justification
Sampling and subsequent survey approaches take into consideration the participation of subjects eligible for the study. However, the participants ...