Physical Properties of Solids and Liquids

Physical Properties
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Introduction
The physical properties of solids and liquids are observable and measurable without changing the actual composition of the matter. These are primarily used to determine the nature of different forms and types of matter, such as texture, odor, boiling point, melting point, solubility, density, polarity, color and overall appearance. For example, solids have a definite shape and structure, and most of them exist in white and brown color. Similarly, the most prominent physical property of liquids is that they can take the shape of any container, glass or bowl and can flow easily. It should be noticed that the boiling points and melting points of both liquids and solids are different from one another, and these mainly depend on the molecules and atoms present in them.
In the case of solids, the boiling point will be significantly higher than that of liquids since their molecules will take extra time to get separated from one another. In the meantime, liquids have no melting point, but solids have as they are already flow-able, meaning their molecules are not as tightly packed with each other as the molecules of solids. However, all liquids have their set temperature at which they turn into gases or solids. When they are transformed into solids, the condition is known as their freezing point, and when they take the form of gases, the condition is known as the boiling point.
It is safe to say that all types of matter possess their shape, structure, color, and size at room temperature (also called normal temperature), and only change their shape, size or structure when they are frozen, melted or boiled. Unlike chemical changes, the physical changes take place without changing the composition of molecules present in both solids and liquids. For example, if the solid is boiled to obtain the liquid or gas, the number and composition of its molecules will remain the same. Similarly, when the liquid water is boiled and changed into the gas, its molecules do not change their properties, but they turn into vapors due to high temperature. In this lab report, we have observed the physical properties of different solids and liquids.
Data Table
From the following data table, it is evident that the substances that melt below 25'C in the laboratory are solids, while the rest are liquids.
Substance

Density (g/mL)

Melting Point (`C)

Boiling Point (`C)

Water Solubility

Ethanol Solubility

Acetone

0.79

-95

56

S

S

Heptane

0.58

-91

98

I

SLS

Isopropyl Alcohol

0.79

-86

83

S

S

Methanol

0.79

-98

65

S

S

Napthalene

1.15

80

218

I

SLS

Potassium Alum

1.76

92

200

S

I

Benzil

1.5

95

347

I

S

Benzophenone

1.09

49

306

I

S

Acetamide

1.16

81

222

S

S

1-Propanol

0.80

-127

97

S

S