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Topic:

The Contribution of Lombroso’s Work to Criminology and Perceptions of Criminal Behavior

Essay Instructions:

please answer the question that in in the document called "essay question". please read through all the other documents and use all the relevant bits and make sure to use at least 10 different resources for referencing including books and websites. make sure it is uk based and do not include any irrelevant details for example talking about american law or criminology relavant to american law. DO NOT INCLUDE ANYTHING TO DO WITH AMERICA OR ANY OTHER COUNTRY. if you have any questions please do not hesitate to contact me. please make sure to use oscola refrencing.

Critically assess and discuss the contribution Lombroso’s work has made to criminology, and to perceptions of criminal behaviour.  Reference should also be made to modern uses of his theories, whether in real life, or in fiction.

Rules for the Production and Submission of Coursework

IMPORTANT: The following rules for production and submission of coursework must be followed and will form part of the assessment in respect of demonstrating an ability to follow, apply and comply with instructions. You will lose marks if you do not follow the rules listed below.

1.  Producing and Presenting your Coursework: Format

(a)        You must produce your work in accordance with the latest version of Lancashire Law School Coursework Guidance Booklet  – the Guide contains advice on spacing, fonts, justification of text, footnotes, word counts, referencing and citation and bibliographies.

(b)         Your work must not be produced using ‘unfair means’ (collusion, plagiarism and other such forms of cheating) – see

             section 6 of the UCLAN Assessment Handbook, which can be found here: http://www.uclan.ac.uk/study_here/student-contract-taught-programmes.php  

(c)        We prefer your work to be word-processed in 12 point font AND double spaced so tutors can read with ease and have sufficient room to insert comments.

(d)      All citations to cases, statutes, books and journals must be referenced fully, as must web-sites used (with the date last accessed specified) using the OSCOLA style reference guide which can be found here:  https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxlaw/oscola_4th_edn_hart_2012.pdf

(e)       All pages must be numbered.

(f)        You must count the words used (excluding the words used to write the footnotes and bibliography) and this must be declared honestly and accurately on your assignment. Failure to declare the words used will mean your work will not be marked and inaccurate declarations of words used will lead to disciplinary proceedings.

2.  Submitting your Coursework

(a)        All  written assessments (unless otherwise directed by  your module leader) must  be produced and  submitted electronically through a ‘Turn-it-In’ submission box. The e-submission box will be located on your Module Blackboard space. Your module tutor will inform you where the precise location is.

(b)      You must not write your name anywhere on your assignment because all work is marked anonymously. Instead, please ensure your student ID number is clearly marked on your work.

(c)        An LLS assignment e- front-sheet must be attached to your work to enable summary comments be made.

(d)       You must submit ONE copy of your coursework only: an electronic submission via Blackboard (so we can verify submission, word counts and plagiarism and insert feedback via Grademark).

(e)        Submissions should be uploaded to Turn-it-In in Word format only. It is not permitted to upload work to Turn-it-In in PDF format.

(e)       We do not accept e-mail, faxed, or postal submissions of coursework. (f)        Try and submit your work well in advance of the deadline.

(g)        If you have an authorised extension your work will not be penalised.

(h)       If you submit your work late without an authorised extension, we will only accept it for marking up to 5 working days

after the deadline and the work will be capped at 40%. PLEASE NOTE: unauthorised late submission at resubmission

(i.e., a re-assessment) will automatically be awarded a mark of 0% for that element of assessment.

(i)        All work submitted more than 5 working days after the agreed deadline (and without an authorised extension) will be awarded a 0% grade (except for resubmissions, where all late submissions are given zero unless and authorised extension has been given. 

3.  Results

(a)        Individual feedback will be available within the 15 student working days (excluding holidays periods when the University is closed and weekends) after the  first submission date (see LLS Assessment Schedule for dates).

(b)       Your coursework will be returned via Grade-Mark on the turn-it-in platform by the feedback date stated on the assessment  front cover sheet.

(c)        All marks remain provisional until after the final examination board has met.

Assessment Outcomes

Please refer to the Lancashire Law School written assessment criteria which you can access on your module Blackboard page, in your module and course handbooks or the LLB (Hons) Blackboard page.

When marking this assignment we are looking for evidence that you’ve achieved the following assessed outcomes:

 

OUTCOME

HOW TO DEMONSTRATE THE OUTCOMES IN THIS ASSESSMENT

  WEIGHTING (INDICATIVE) LEVEL /5/

AO 1

Understanding

Your legal knowledge
  • You can retrieve, explain and apply relevant, and up-to-date, legal authority.

 

  •  Your work demonstrates an accurate explanation and definition of legal rules (and where appropriate principles and standards and their underlying values)

 

  • Your submission has a clear explanation of the following: the contribution Lombroso’s work made to criminology, and its continued effects.

 

 

 

 

40%

AO 2

Applying

Your range and depth of analysis and evaluation
  • You can argue from claims to conclusions using appropriate legal evidence to create a persuasive argument.

 

  •  You can show some of the limitations of the both the claims you make and the evidential base used to support them.

 

 

25%

AO 3

Researching

Your  range  of   sources, citations and referencing

 

  • All  sources of  evidence, such  as  law  (cases and  statutes), books, journals and web-based sources, are cited fully and accurately in accordance with the OSCOLA style guide.

 

  • Your work contains a complete and accurate bibliography is produced at the end of the assignment, in line with the style outlined in both the LLS Coursework and OSCOLA guides.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

20%

AO 4

Communicating

Your structure, style, spelling, grammar and punctuation
  • Your work contains an introduction, a legal argument organised into paragraphs which addresses the question set, and a concluding paragraph which should restate your answer to the question set.

 

  •  Your   work   is   presented   and   produced   in   line   with   the recommendations contained within the LLS Coursework Guide.

 

  • Your work is legible, coherently expressed and articulates a clear, structured legal argument, and is free from grammatical, punctuation and spelling errors.

 

  • You can produce your work to agreed word limit and deadline given, as shown on the assessment brief front cover.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15%
Essay Sample Content Preview:

The Contribution Lombroso’s work to Criminology, and Perceptions of Criminal Behaviour
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The Contribution Lombroso’s work to Criminology, and Perceptions of Criminal Behaviour
Cesare Lombroso was an Italian Criminologist and a physician whose works had a significant contribution to criminology and perceptions of criminal behaviour. In the history of criminology, no name has been lauded or attacked as Lombroso. Most people recognise him as the father of modern criminology because he pioneered the study of crime and criminals. In fact, he is one of the first people to introduce scientific methods to investigate crime, and write about female crimes. By the time of his demise in 1909, his ideas had contributed considerably to criminology.[Albrecht, Adalbert. "Cesare Lombroso. A Glance at His Life Work." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 1, no. 2 (1910): 71-83.] [Becky, Little, ‘What Type of Criminal Are You? 19th-Century Doctors Claimed to Know by Your Face’ History (August 8, 2019) accessed April 14, 2021.]
Scholars have written more about Lombroso and his ideas than any other criminologist, meaning that he has had a great influence in both traditional and modern criminology. The intensity of his investigations authorises a post-lombrosian modern approach crime etiology. In contrast, his emphasis on certain biological traits of criminal identification has fueled attacks from many critics who do not take time to read his works. Lombroso’s biological and environmental approaches mirror different historical results of his works.[Ibid] [Ibid]
Studies show that Lombroso attempted to discern probable link between criminal psychopathology and physical or legal defects. He primarily contended on the existence of a hereditary or atavistic class of criminals. According to Lombroso, offenders demonstrate high rate of physical and mental anomalies compared to non-criminals. Lombroso’s theories of crime were widely influential during the nineteenth and twentieth century. However, most modern criminologists strongly rejected his emphasis on hereditary causes of crime, but accepted the environmental factors. Despite critics in Lombroso’s work, criminologists continue to acknowledge him as the father of criminology based on his influence and contribution in this field.[History Extra, ‘The ‘born criminal’? Lombroso and the origins of modern criminology’ History Extra (February 14, 2019) accessedApril 14, 2021]
Elwood noted that Lombroso’s work is still very effective in the teaching of criminology despite criticisms in his theories. Many people are aware of the most basic principles of Lombroso’s theories and the controversies around them. He developed the frameworks of criminological sciences by introducing a biological theory of delinquency, which was later rejected and replaced by the sociological approach. The theory of ‘‘born criminal’’ raised controversy in its formulations, assumptions and predictions.[Ellwood, Charles. "Lombroso's theory of crime." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 2, no. 5 ...
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