Treadmills, Kuznet Curve, Malthusian Theory, and Theory of the Tragedy of the Commons

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Sociology
1. According to the Story of Stuff, the treadmills of production are society's pattern of production and consumption. Companies and corporations have a great emphasis on creating profits by producing commodities, needs, and most of all, wants of the market. Things or stuff are most probably built due to the demand, which creates revenue for big companies. In our world, the culture is predominantly consumerist and materialistic. This connotes that people consume stuff that they want much more than what they need. Human societies need the natural world so that resources can be processed into things that people want and need. In the story, human economic activity is presented and categorized into extraction, production, distribution, consumption, and disposal. It was also presented that production has a greater impact than consumption because production is driven by large corporations and big institutions that mass-produce commodities for the people. However, they are also the ones that promote the consumption of their products, even if people do not need them. In production, there is also a process that harms the environment. Pollution in all aspects such as land, air, and the sea is mostly from the process of production.
2. Kuznet’s Curve describes the relationship between industrialization and the environment. Simon Kuznet, the economist who first proposed this concept, observed that when countries first industrialize, there is a significant rise in pollution. Then, eventually, through continuous modernization, levels peak and then begin to decline. This was likely due to the increasing awareness of environmental issues and the improved capability to adapt and respond thanks to the development of new technologies and increased finances. But as China develops, its government is continually creating more policies that reiterate the importance of a greener and cleaner future. At the beginning of industrialization, manufacturers and producers often operated with older forms of technology that used more power and produced more pollution. But as time goes on, more awareness and more financial capability push these stakeholders to uphold responsibility in their work. The Kuznets Curve explains how China can benefit from its decision to close down factories that are too polluting. In the long run, this act can see through an environmentally beneficial future. This can create more health not just for the ecology but for the people as well.
3. According to the Malthusian theory, the population will grow faster than the supply of food. Population growth is exponential, which means that it will eventually cause food shortages due to the inadequate rate of food production capability. Thomas Malthus theorized that there would be events that would eventually balance this, labeling it as positive and natural checks. Positive checks, according to Malthus, were in the form of natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, etc. He also mentioned human activity such as wars and famines as events that would bring the population-food production relationship to a sustainable level. Preventive checks are those that are consciously implemented to educate and teach people about the da...