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1 What is the distinction between causal responsibility and moral responsibility? What are, if any, the excusing conditions for moral responsibility? What role do these excusing conditions play in terms of a) moral responsibility and b) moral accountability? Causal responsibility and moral responsibility are very similar in the sense that both are referring to a person`s action at a given point in time or in an event and an obligation of an individual to do what should be done in a certain situation to produce an effect that may be either desirable or undesirable CITATION Ric09 \l 1033 (DeGeorge). However, there is a difference between the two. Causal responsibility is an obligation of a person that is commanded by authority or is compelled by his duty that should be satisfied to attain good results in a given situation." On the other hand, moral responsibility may result to positive or negative consequences and reactions of other people depending on a decision of an individual to do something that is usually personally believed to be virtuous CITATION Ric09 \l 1033 (DeGeorge). To further understand these two responsibilities it is best to view these in a situation. In a business one of the manager`s responsibilities is to make the business sustainable. As a causal responsibility the manager is expected to make decisions and actions that lead towards this goal and ensures that this is achieved. Therefore, if the owner of the business now tells the manager that some workers should be dismissed from their work because the business should be more profitable or this will increase earnings, even if all the workers are excelling and are valuable to the company, some employees will surely be terminated by the manager. Even if the manager sees the employees as assets of the business the people will still be fired because the former ensures that the company is sustainable. On the other hand, using the same scenario applying moral responsibility the manager will act otherwise. If the manager allows moral responsibility to rule when handling employees he will then talk to the owner and discuss the business` moral responsibilities. The manager may say that the employees are very good, efficient and effective assets to the company and did not do anything against the company therefore dismissing them is not moral. Furthermore, as employer, the company also has a responsibility towards the employee to regularly provide the job especially because these are good employees we are talking about. The business also has an indirect responsibility to the dependent family members of an employee that they are going to terminate. Aside from considering moral obligations of a person in a situation there are also excusing conditions for moral responsibility. Ignorance is one acceptable reason which excuses one from moral responsibility. An example of this is when one opens the light in the hope of seeing in the darkness but pushed the alarm button instead and woke up the whole building, one can be excused for being ignorant on where the switch of the light and the emergency button. Another example is that of a courier asked to deliver a box but is not aware that the box contains deadly chemicals as he travels nonchalantly not knowing the harm he...