Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in The Sun Also Rises by Hemingway

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in The Sun Also Rises
Introduction
Ernest Hemingway, a literary luminary of his era, distinguished himself through his wartime experiences, including his role as an ambulance driver during World War I. "The Sun Also Rises," authored after his WWI service, marked a significant milestone in his career. Chapter XIV of this novel captures a profound monologue by the protagonist, Jake, in an inebriated state following an encounter with Brett, a woman he loves but cannot be with due to a wartime injury rendering him impotent. Hemingway, an advocate of the iceberg theory of prose, purposefully leaves the characters' pasts in mystery. However, the narrative subtly unveils aspects of their lives through the shadow story. In the passage 'The Sun Also Rises' by Ernest Hemingway, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is shown through the use of the shadow story element and the portrayal of hyper-arousal symptoms.
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Hyper-arousal Symptoms
The author skillfully uses stylistic language in the passage to depict the protagonist's hyperarousal symptoms. By stating that Jake could not "shut his eyes without getting the wheeling sensation," the author masterfully conveys the racing and intrusive thoughts that haunt Jake when he attempts to sleep. This choice of phrasing effectively captures the essence of hyperarousal, where individuals experience heightened alertness, preventing them from achieving restful sleep. The author's decision to employ "wheeling sensation" paints a vivid mental image of thoughts spiraling uncontrollably, providing readers with an immersive understanding of Jake's emotional state. The author's use of such a phrase intends to immerse readers in the protagonist's psychological turmoil, making it evident how his wartime trauma continues to affect his daily life.
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