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History
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Imaginary Periodical. FRENCH REVOLUTION. History Essay

Essay Instructions:

Your mission is to create an imaginary virtual periodical (such as a newspaper or magazine) from a time between 1400 and 1800.
Choose a specific year (or even day) and location for your newspaper that you believe reflects an important moment in time. You can include events from around 50 years on either side of the date but the closer the better.
Focus your periodical around one of the major topics or movements from the course (such as women in early modern times, the Renaissance, the Conquest, exploration, Reformation, printing, French Revolution, Enlightenment, etc)
Include different aspects of the topic (perhaps how it affected different social groups) while creating a coherent picture of the movement/topic with a particular perspective
Mix fact and fantasy creating stories that are plausible even if fictional
750 to 1000 words in length with at least four to five stories
One lead story should be at least 250 words in length (One page double-spaced)
Give your stories some depth (explain people’s perspectives and motivations)
Include at least one image and create a story about it (find the image on one the following websites (Metropolitan Museum of Art, Louvre Museum, British Museum or British Library, or of course Bobst Library (NYU) & think of a story
The text by Beat Kümin should provide enough background to create stories
If you want bibliography please ask your instructor! Or try Cambridge Core online!
Also, write a brief discussion of how and why you chose the stories in your imaginary periodical (self-reflective piece)
Recommendations: Have fun and be creative while keeping your stories plausible. Think of giving your periodical different sections on a variety of topics, such as politics, culture (books, music, art), sports, the economy, biographies, fashion, interviews, etc. Then create stories about people, trends and events of the era, that are likely to have happened. Write it like a magazine—not an encyclopedia—with details about events that reflect larger trends. Periodicals do not read like textbooks which summarize long periods or give straight factual biographies or histories of wars, etc. In other words you should highlight a timely aspect of a person, or topic, in a way that fits into your view of the period. Please give your stories some depth, such as by providing the context explaining why something happened and who or what it affected. This is a work of the imagination which should mix both ‘fact’ and fantasy.
Please avoid writing about major historical figures covered in class (such as Luther or Columbus). Instead find out about other figures or create imaginary figures involved in an event. You could include the perspective of an Aztec warrior on the conquest, or a couple going through marital problems (a la Hans Sachs). Try to create stories that reflect larger themes. This assignment allows you to offer your own distinct perspective on the past. If you would like to use some primary sources beyond the course materials, I recommend the following website: http://www(dot)fordham(dot)edu/halsall/sbook.html. You can also use the websites listed in Kümin. No Wikipedia!

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FRENCH REVOLUTION
Causes
The French revolution was an event of social and political upheavals in France as well as its colonial countries and beyond starting in 1789 (Desan 137). It was caused by much discontent with the French monarchy as well as the King Louis XVI poor economic policies. It overpowered the monarchy, formed a republic, motivated violent times of political turmoil and in the end concluded in an authoritarian led by Napoleon who integrated numerous of his principles to regions he conquered in West Europe and beyond. The Revolution was motivated by radical and liberal concepts and changed the direction of modern history to trigger the world reduction of total monarchies whereas replacing them with liberal democracies as well as republics (Frey and Frey Synopsis). Via the revolutionary wars, it caused many world disputed that went beyond the Caribbean to Middle East. Though it failed to realize all its on objectives as at times caused a chaotic bloodbath, it has a significant role in modeling modern countries by showing the power in the people’s will.
The revolution was brought about by several causes. Firstly, the bourgeoisie hated its removal from political power as well as positions of honor. Secondly, the farmers minimally acknowledged their living standards and were unwilling to back the burdensome and anachronistic feudal order. Thirdly, the French became very enlightened by philosophers more than anywhere else. Fourthly, the French’s participation in America’s Revolution almost made the government bankrupt. Fifthly, the country had become very populous and crop failures contributed too much uneasiness. Lastly, the monarchy order was no longer ordained and was therefore not capable of adapting to the societal and political pressures that were presented on it.
Third Estate
Sincee1614, the Third Estate non-aristocratic members were 98% but were still outvoted by other two bodies. In May 5, 1789, the members started looking for backup for equal representation as well as the introduction of voting by head in place of status. Whereas the different orders shared an ordinary desire for judicial and fiscal reform and a much representative type of government, specifically the nobles hated to surrender the privileges they enjoyed in the traditional system.
Tennis Court Oath
Following the meeting at Versailles, the debating over the voting process erupted into hostile confrontations among the 3 orders to eclipse the earlier reason of the assembly and the power of the person who had started it. Discussions on procedures stopped. However, the 3rd Estate assembled on June 17 on its own and officially integrated the National Assembly. After 3 days, they also assembled at an indoor tennis court and made an Oath that vowed them not to disband for constitutional reforms. Following a week, 47 liberal nobles and clerical deputies joined them and by 27th the King unwillingly took the 3 orders to form a new assembly.
Bastille
The National Assembly went on meeting at Versailles but violence and fear took over the city. Although people were positive with the abolishment of royal power, the Parisians developed fear as rumors of an upcoming military ...
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