Physics(Electric Circuit). Life Sciences Education Essay
our paper should include what you consider to be a correct answer for each question on both the pretest and post-test, including the reasoning you would expect for a complete answer.
PHYSICS 407 AUTUMN 2019 Paper Assignment #2: Electric Circuits Due Wednesday, November 27, 2019 In the first three sections of the Electric Circuits module in Physics by Inquiry, we developed a model for electric circuits based on current. The module also addresses specific difficulties that many people, including pre-college students, experience with the subject matter. This paper will help familiarize you with some of these difficulties and help you recognize the role of pre- and post-tests in informing instruction in the pre-college classroom. You will be provided with pretest and post-test responses of 9th grade students who worked through a modified version of the Electric Circuits module. The students’ teacher adapted the module after he had studied the Electric Circuits module in Physics by Inquiry in a class for inservice teachers. For this paper, you will analyze the students’ pretests and become familiar with some common student difficulties. By analyzing the post-test questions given to these same students, you will try to assess how their understanding changed as a result of having worked through the curriculum. You will also be provided with a copy of the modified Electric Circuits curriculum used by the students. SPECIAL NOTE: Your paper should include what you consider to be a correct answer for each question on both the pretest and post-test, including the reasoning you would expect for a complete answer. Introduction Part I Analysis of student responses to pretests and discussion of how curriculum is designed to address specific difficulties Prior to an analysis of the students’ pre-test responses you should construct the answer that you would expect from a student with adequate understanding of the concepts addressed by the pretest. These anticipated responses should be identified and included in Part I of your paper. You should analyze the 5 student responses to the Section 3 pretest. Identify common incorrect responses to the different parts of the pretest and write a brief summary of your analysis. (Your analysis should include a table that catalogues your findings. Select two specific difficulties that you identified and describe briefly how particular sequences of experiments and exercises in the modified Electric Circuits curriculum are designed to elicit and address these difficulties. Part II As you did in Part I of this paper you should construct the answer that you would expect from a student with adequate understanding of the concepts addressed by the post-test. These anticipated responses should be identified and included in Part II of your paper. Analysis of student responses to post-tests and discussion of changes in student understanding For Part II, you should analyze the post-test results of the same five students. Identify specific incorrect answers, and write a brief summary of your analysis. (As before, tables will be useful in summarizing your findings). Discuss whether you would be satisfied with each student’s answers, both in terms of “correctness” and in terms of the reasoning. In particular, discuss what you can infer about each student’s understanding of the relevant concepts. In addition, you should describe changes you would make to the modified Electric Circuits curriculum to address explicitly the difficulties that persisted after instruction. Discuss how these changes might help students strengthen or revise their understanding of electric circuits. Part III: Conclusion In this, the concluding part of your paper you should discuss the similarities in your findings and those included in the two research papers listed below, both of which are available on Canvas. L.C. McDermott and P.S. Shaffer, “Research as a guide for curriculum development: An example from introductory electricity, Part I: Investigation of student understanding,” Am. J. Phys. 60 (11) 994; Part II: Design of instructional strategies,” Am. J. Phys. 60 (11) 1003 (1992). Proof read your paper to be sure that your writing is clear and concise, and that it flows smoothly. Tables are an essential component of your paper but should not take the place of the summaries of your pre- /post-test findings and student responses, changes in students’ understanding, and ways in which the modified Electric Circuits curriculum could once again be modified so as to develop better student understanding. Your paper should be no more than eight to ten pages in length (not including tables and diagrams). Papers must be typed (double-spaced) with margins wide enough for written comments, printed on only one side of the page, and with pages numbered. No staples, please. Pretests Post-tests
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Physics (Electric Circuit)
Part 1
Comparing the brightness of the two bulbs in the circuit at the right
Bulbs A and B are equally bright. This is because the voltage in a series circuit is equally distributed among the two bulbs.
Rank the bulbs in the circuit at the right in order of brightness
B>A=C; If all the bulbs in the circuit are identical; Bulb B is the brightest while bulbs A and C are equally and less bright than B. This is because bulbs A and C have the same resistance and each share one half of the current that passes through bulb B.
Compare the brightness of bulb B in Circuit #1 to the brightness of bulb B in Circuit #2
Bulb B in Circuit #2 would be brighter than bulb b in #1. There is relatively higher resistance in Circuit #1 compared to #2. This is because there is usually less resistance when bulbs are connected in a parallel circuit than when in a series circuit. Hence, more current flows through bulb B in Circuit #2 than it does flow in bulb B in Circuit #1.
Compare the brightness of bulb A in Circuit #1 to the brightness of bulb A in Circuit #2
Bulb A in circuit #1 would be brighter than bulb A in Circuit #2. This is because bulb A in Circuit #2 gets half of the current in the circuit, which is split between bulbs A and C, which in effect, makes them less bright than bulb A in Circuit #1.
Summary of the Analysis
The second student, third, and the fifty students claim in question 2 (ii) of the pretest that bulb A in Circuit #1 would be dimmer than bulb B in circuit #2. On the contrary, the first and the forty students claim that bulbs A in both Circuits would have the same brightness, each with their explanations. However, the brightness bulb A and B of Circuit #1 are equal, just like the brightness of bulbs A and C of Circuit #2. Bulb B in Circuit #2 is the brightest followed by bulbs A and B of Circuit #1. Hence, the brightness of bulbs A and C of circuit #2 are equally and least bright of the two circuits. The logic is that only half of the current supplied by the cell circuit #2 flows via bulbs A and C. being identical, the two bulbs also have half the resistance. On the contrary, the same current that flows through bulb B in Circuit #1 flows through bulb A of the same circuit.
According to this analysis, the second, third, and the fifty students understand that bulb in parallel are brighter than those in series circuits. However, there are instances where other factors such as the number of bulbs, resistance, and amount of current in the circuit affect the amount of brightness in a parallel circuit. In this case, there is a bulb before the parallel connection that does not only offer resistance, but it also lowers the amount of current flowing through the circuit. The junction between bulbs A and C and bulb B also splits the current into two halves, which further reduces the amount of current flowing through each of the two bulbs.
Incorrect Answers
Analysis
The second student, third, and the fifty students claim in question 2 (ii) of the pretest that bulb A in Circuit #1 would be dimmer than bulb B in circuit #2. On the contrary, the first and the forty students claim th...
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