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2 pages/≈550 words
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MLA
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Visual & Performing Arts
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English (U.S.)
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Carol Duncan’s The MoMA's Hot Mamas, Drama Of The Modern Museum

Essay Instructions:

Please answer the following questions in a word document, and upload your document as a PDF via the submission link in the TURN IT IN section of UBLearns. 
Treat this as an academic assignment. Your answers should be appropriately elaborate and formally written, with proper citations of the reading(s). If you are unsure how to properly cite sources, see the following handbook for academic writing: 
https://owl(dot)english(dot)purdue(dot)edu/owl/resource/747/02/ 
This assignment will be due THURSDAY, NOV 2, 5pm. 
*Your TURN IT IN link will provide an originality report. If it reflects a degree of similarity between your response and other sources. You will have an opportunity to rewrite you response before completing the submission. Do pay close attention to the originality report. 
In "The MoMA's Hot Mommas," Carol Duncan explains that museums are “modern ritual settings in which visitors enact complex and often deep psychic dramas about identity—dramas that the museum's stated, consciously intended programs do not and cannot acknowledge overtly (172)”.
Explain in your own words what the ritual of the modern museum is. What identity drama (that Duncan writes about) plays out in the modern museum?
What, according to Duncan, is the ideological reason that art by women is dramatically underrepresented in museums such as MoMA? How do women appear in the museum, and how does that appearance of women accord with the underrepresentation of art by women? What insights do Broude and Garrard and the Guerrilla Girls lend to this discussion?
Discuss Duncan's analysis Willem de Kooning's Woman I (1952). Reading Duncan's essay, how do you understand the role of Woman I in its position in MoMA, at the threshold of the museum's display of purely abstract art?
Relatedly, what, as Duncan explains, is the dominant narrative in modern art history concerning the rise of abstraction, and how does Duncan suggest that narrative ties in with the larger “experience [of the museum] that dramatizes and confirms the social superiority of male over female identity (171)?”
Carol Duncan, “The MOMA's Hot Mamas,” Art Journal Vol. 48, No. 2, Images of Rule: Issues of Interpretation (Summer, 1989), pp. 171-178

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Carol Duncan’s The MoMA's hot mamas
The ritual and identity drama of the modern museum
The ritual of the modern museum is to present an image of being in public spaces open to all visitors who can experience different art forms. In reality, the museums send ideological signals that define and shape people’s perceptions about identity and the place of women in the society. Sexually accessible female bodies are prominent in the art and this confirms gender identity while affirming a male identity as the male figures are mostly shown to be strong mentally and physically (Duncan 177). Museums state dramas that represent sexual identity through the ritual settings while upholding gender- specific identities.
The underrepresentation of art by women
Male artists and painters exercise their masculine power through art and one of the ways is through depicting sexually available female bodies. They feel being in control in the masculine environment, and even when depicting female bodies the variety is small that they mostly focus on the female anatomy (171). The existing depiction of females represents feelings of superiority and dominant masculinity, the art reflects male fears, fantasies and desires and the representation of female artists is done to the extent that it does not dilute the masculine environment (172).
The Guerilla Girls highlight that nudes in Museums are overwhelmingly female, and even in advertisements and reading there is emphasis on the spectator’s gaze focused on the female body. The male spectators mainly gaze at female bodies and the women’s naked bodies are even commodified. The works of Broude and Garrard highlight the case for feminist to highlight the underrepresentation and recognition of female artists. Art historical change ...
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