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Essay Available:
Pages:
8 pages/β‰ˆ2200 words
Sources:
16 Sources
Style:
Harvard
Subject:
Social Sciences
Type:
Essay
Language:
English (U.K.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 38.88
Topic:

In What Ways Did Beijing Consensus Disrupt the Dominant Development Model That Came Before?

Essay Instructions:

Assessment

Word Limit

An electronic word count for coursework must be stated accurately on the coversheet.  If you exceed the word count by 5% you will be penalised. No penalty is incurred for up to five per cent over the limit. Thereafter, two marks should normally be deducted for every five per cent, until 50 per cent is reached. After 50 per cent three marks should normally be deducted for each additional five per cent.

Components of Assessment:

 Essay 2500 words, 85% of the final mark due Thursday, 19 January 2023

Below is a list of essay questions to choose from.

  1. Critically evaluate the claim that human development is compatible with a global capitalist system
  2. What role has nationalism played in the development strategies of (a country of your choice)?
  3. Critically examine the claim that the state should be the trustee of development
  4. In what ways does [pick one model: infant industry, import substitution, export orientation, Washington Consensus, Beijing Consensus, East Asian, BRICs] disrupt the dominant development model that came before? (what changed, what stayed the same, why does it matter)
  5. Critically analyse the success (or failure) of a developmental state of your choice
  6. Apply a gender lens to assess development strategies of [pick a country or strategy: import substitution, export orientation, green development or millennium development goals] what does it reveal that is normally obscured?
  7. What are the ecological [consequences of/limits to] growth-based development paradigm?
  8. To what degree is the uprooting or transitioning of traditional people from their lands in the name of the development a legitimate means of advancing the nation as a whole? [pick a country or indigenous group as a case study]
  9. To what extent can economic growth be abandoned as a development objective?
  10. Are traditional understandings of structural change (from scholars like Lewis, Kalecki and Kaldor) still relevant to less-developed countries today?
  11. Critically engage with one approach (green industrial policy, degrowth, ecomodernism) to solving the climate crisis. 

 

Essay Sample Content Preview:

In What Ways Did Beijing Consensus Disrupt the Dominant Development Model That Came Before?
By (Student Name)
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Introduction
The Beijing Consensus is one of the world's most intriguing economic development models. During Mao's reign, the Chinese government introduced policies that greatly maligned China and dented its economic development hopes. Approaches and policies such as self-sufficiency, forced collectivisation, and the Great Leap Forward led to widespread poverty in China. Mao's approaches and policies meant that investors were not allowed to pursue personal development and wealth. The implication of Mao's actions was an economy that was dilapidated and needed an overhaul of its model for it to become the economic powerhouse it could be. After Mao's death, China introduced an economic model that set the foundation for the country's present position as one of the leading economies in the world. Instead of following in the ways of the West, China decided to follow what came to be known as the Beijing Consensus. According to Liu (2019), the Beijing Consensus was forged to be an alternative to the popular Washington Consensus. Further, Liu adds that China sought a model that would work for its people, and though the Washington Consensus had good pointers, it could not work for the people of China (2019). Through the Beijing Consensus, China focused on elements of innovation, self-determination, and the promotion of "equitable and sustainable development" (Yao, 28). Currently, China stands as one of the largest economies in the world and one that everyone calls the 'world's factory' (Woetzel et al., 2019). The above affirms that the Beijing Consensus has indeed worked for China. Therefore, provided herein is an elucidation of the Beijing Consensus, with a focus on how it changed from its predecessor, the Washington Consensus, what stayed the same, and why the Beijing Consensus (BC) matters today.
What Changed?
As already indicated, the BC was an upgrade of the Washington Consensus (WC). The Chinese government sought a system that would work within its context, and it saw little in the WC to help attain its desired goals. One of the things that changed between the BC and the WC was China's emphasis on innovation. For a country to advance, it must have an innovation agenda, and China introduced measures that helped drive innovation. According to Ramo (2004), China placed a great emphasis on innovation as a means to alleviate the problems the country was facing. To attain this, the Chinese government introduced policies that helped to foster innovation. For example, Deng Xiaoping, who took power after Mao, introduced educational reforms that emphasised the importance of R&D on economic growth through innovation (Kim and Mah, 2009). Further, he preached more about the importance of technology in the country and how embracing it would further propel the economy (Kim and Mah, 2009). Therefore, through his initiative, the country opened itself to increasingly more growth and innovation. Also, foreign direct investment increased in the country. It was the government's initiative to intensify its efforts to invite more foreign investors and coupled with greater emphasis on R&D and tech...
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