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Environmental Conflict in the Modern World
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT
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City and State
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Environmental Conflict
The modern world is characterized by technological innovation, increased production, and profit-seeking behavior. With every new generation comes the feeling that the world is getting even worse. Crucial to the modern debate is the issue of environmental degradation and how it is getting worse every year. Countries worldwide are putting in place efforts to ensure that they conserve the environment. Yet, such efforts are not well-received because of the high costs involved in practicing environmental-friendly activities. The result is a conflict between environmentalists and profit-seeking individuals. This paper explains why environmental factors are a cause of conflict in the modern world and how environmental action can be used as a source of peace.
Contemporary literature suggests that conflict arises when stakeholders have incompatible interests or irreconcilable differences (Väyrynen, 2018, p. 4). Unlike disagreement, conflict arises when one party wants to benefit at the expense of another party. Examples of conflicts include beating, threats, skirmishes, insurgency, and intrastate and interstate wars. Competition for finite environmental resources triggers conflicts.
The are several types of conflicts resulting from environmental factors. The prevailing environmental conflict is about noxious pollutants and air quality (Maser and Pollio, 2011, p. 38) This is the main type of environmental conflict worldwide. It relates to social justice issues and the right to live in a clean and healthy environment. An essential theme that emerges from this type of conflict is environmental racism and how it can be linked to poverty and vulnerability. Most conflicts relate to legal disputes and demonstrations where environmental activists and residents mobilize individuals to demand their rights (Maser and Pollio, 2011, p. 67). These activities, especially demonstrations, lead to violent conflicts between the public and local authorities. The conflicts resulting from air quality issues also tend to attract extensive media attention.
Another conflict is that relating to biodiversity. Biodiversity conflicts are conflicts about wildlife and other features of biodiversity. Biodiversity conflicts also involve conflicts about the conservation of green technologies, protected zones, fair trade, and indigenous knowledge on natural resources (Maser and Pollio, 2011, p. 71). Biodiversity conflicts can happen at the international stage where they may have serious policy and regulatory implications. The impact that land clearing for agricultural production and development has on a natural resource base is also an important consideration. Without effective environmental management and conservation policies, conflict arises (Maser and Pollio, 2011, p. 72) For instance, in Africa, environmental management and protection create situations where people become the victims of animals. In turn, the people retaliate by killing wildlife for their meat and to protect their cattle and crops from predators and disease. Part of biodiversity conflict is natural resource management (NRM) conflict. Many of the conflicts in NRM are current...
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