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Educational policy and professional practice. Education Essay

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Assignment plan
Topic- Poverty and focus on secondary education 
Introduction- Normal sort of introduction needed here 
For first section choose policies which were relevant to the idea of poverty and the impact on children such as sure start from Labour government – talk about this policy and choose a few more policies while Tony Blair was in power all to do with poverty and providing children with more opportunities etc.. (3 policies, one of the is Sure start) Explain properly and the impact
First section- LO,1- demonstrate critical understanding of the ways in which educational policies develop and are implemented in the UK and 2- Explore and evaluate how political ideologies and stakeholders inform educational policy in the UK
Chart the change from new labour 1997 to 2010. Charting the shift from universalism to a more individualised targeted approach in terms of support, such as mention programmes such as sure start (give info about what that is etc), grants for families and investment in education. Can you say something about why New labour invested in these programmes/policies- What labour party beliefs underpinned them? You need to explain that these policies offered universal support and why.
Then talk about the financial crisis in 2008, we went into recession- budget cut, the coalition government and radical change in terms of education and cuts in support of families disappeared. We saw a targeted approach to support (such as unemployment? The riots? Social change?
We seen they scrapped the targets which was put in place in 2010 which was to eradicate the childhood poverty. Explain key points and key policies and why things changed- so when these policies were scrapped from 2008 onwards- what informed educational policies? Well it was economics which informed educational policies aswell as a more conservative approach to families which was a less fair approach (where you shouldn’t interfere, and family should be able to make their own choices)Throughout this time, we can see an increase in accountability- League tables, Ofstead, assessments, change in the teacher standards in 2011. Again- why has this happened?
Second section
Consider the outcomes of some of the changes - e.g the increasing number of children living in poverty/use of foodbanks- what does this mean for families- what impact does it have on educational process. Picking up on the key changes and what it means for education such as school readiness (what does it mean for children since sure starts are becoming more rare, also as a result of children living in poverty how will that impact on children’s physical and emotional wellbeing? And educational development, what’s the impact of budget cuts, such as less teachers, more larger classroom with more students in one class, headteachers becoming more like business managers than the traditional headteachers, reference to capitalism and commercialism where school feels they need to advertise more significantly to get students otherwise they are at risk of being closed if not  financially viable. (You are taking the issues which were flagged in the first section and now saying what does this mean for education and how has that impacted on educational provision.) We can talk about Ofstead in this section as well, how did Oftead impact schools 
You might consider the impact on budget cuts on schools and/ or changes to school structure-such as academisation of schools. Make references to capitalism/commercialism here- schools now advertise themselves in a way that did not happen in the past- they are in competition with one another.
Consider also targeted support in education- pupil premium/school admission systems
Can you evaluate the strengths and limitations of a targeted approach against a universalist approach to support?Third section- LO3- Provide a critical appreciation of the changing roles and responsibilities of education professionals across the UK educational landscapes.  How has the job of being a educational teacher changed, reference to teacher standard and highlight key aspects, such as being good role models, you have to do support children emotionally, awareness and provision of the prevent agenda etc, teachers now adays are having to consider and provide a lot more support than they had done in the past etc.. school playing a great deal of social role to provide a good quality child provision with the usual teaching. Highlight the level of increased pressure and expectation of teachers have resulted in a lot of teachers leaving the profession. MORE and more is demanded and accountability and wages didn’t change for a very long time.
What is the impact of increased accountability- League tables, Ofstead Assessment, teacher standards in 2011- mention something like- whilst provision and support has changed, Blairs idea of accountability has continued to flourish and grow such as Oftead, league tables, teacher standards and all of those issues and you can unpick the impact of those things in the section 2 and 3.
Important Readings (put it in Harvard referencing) and preferably at least 15 references Rogaly, B, & Taylor, B 2009, Moving Histories of Class and Community: Identity, Place and Belonging in Contemporary England, Palgrave Macmillan, London. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [19 December 2019]. (Read section 3- Poverty)https://www.jrf.org.uk/our-work/what-is-poverty  (if you find something more academic than great use that instead to explain what is poverty and how it is measured, give statistics of how many children living in poverty )
Bywaters, P., Bunting, L., Davidson, G,. Hanratty, J., Mason, W., McCartan, C, & Steils, N. (2016) The relationship between poverty, child abuse and neglect: an evidence review
Giroux, H. (2007) ‘Violence, Katrina, and the Biopolitics of Disposability’. Theory Culture Society, 24(7-8), pp. 305-309.Giroux (2007:309) argued that those groups unable to contribute to prevailing consumerism – vanish ‘into the sinkhole of poverty in desolate and abandoned enclaves of decaying cities’ (re-word it and add more info)
Dowling, E. & D. Harvie. (2014) ‘Harnessing the social: state crises and (big) society’ Sociology 48 (5) pp. 869-886 Dowling and Harvie (2014:872) argue that politicians have sought re-construct structural problems as individual behaviours. We hear Cameron’s rhetoric of ‘neighbours from hell’ and ‘Broken Britain’. (re-word it and add more info)

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Education Policy-Poverty and Focus on Secondary Education
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Education Policy-Poverty and Focus on Secondary Education
Introduction
The United Kingdom, which comprises four countries; England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland have similar education. Education policies are well defined in each of the four countries, which aims at improving the level of education, schools, and the role of teachers. Poverty has also damaged educational opportunities of children from the poor families. The funding of education and other policies varies across the U.K but with some similarities in the range of these findings as well as education. However, the main challenge in the implementation of these education policies is to improve students' performance and address performance gaps across varying social-economic backgrounds. Poverty has also been factor that has limited the implementation of these policies. Poverty limits the readiness of children to study and the willingness of teachers to teach. A bigger percentage of children are raised in poverty and this makes it difficult for them to complete school. Additionally, there has been a challenge in the provision of quality education, which will meet the transition of the labour market. During different eras, the U.K government has enacted policies that are set to address these challenges. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the development and implementation of education policies that address poverty issues across the U.K. Furthermore, the paper will discuss how these policies affect the roles and responsibilities of educators. 
Development and Implementation of Education Policies in the U.K
U.Ks education policies are based on the outcomes of their poverty measurement strategies. Poverty is defined as the inability of the available resources to meet the minimum needs of a person. In the U.K, Poverty is measured based on the ability of its citizens to pay rent, heat their home, or take care of their children (JRF, 2020). According to JRF (2020), the U.K uses the Minimum Income Standard (MIS), which gives information on minimum acceptable standards of living concerning public demands and poverty levels. However, there is no single method that best measures poverty because it is a complex problem with a range of underpinned causes (JRF, 2020). Some of the leading causes of poverty in the U.K are unemployment and low-paying jobs, ineffective benefit system, and low levels of skills and education. Consequently, these create health and housing problems, drug abuse, childhood poverty, family problems, and lower educational achievements. Based on these challenges, the Labour government came up with educational policies that aimed at reducing the high rate of poverty as in 1997.
According to a study by Johnson, (2004, 177), between 1979 and 1997, when the Conservative Party was in power, the number of U.K's students in poverty had grown by three times. In 1997/8, approximately 13.5 million people were living below the mean level income based on 'after housing costs.' Out of this number, nearly 4.3 million were children, which shows that one in every four children was living in povert...
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