Leadership and Responsibility 3

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Leadership and Responsibility
Introduction
In this article the author Swatantra (2006) attempt s to elucidate the concepts that surrounds corruption in public and private institutions. The definition that the author offers in this article concerning the latter corruption is that this is referred to as the misappropriation of public power structured to benefit only individual interest. The author further exemplifies that when politician and bureaucrats flaunts the set rules or jurisdiction to favor their own merits then this is what is acclaimed to be misappropriation of the power invested to them to serve the public. this behavior which seek only to satisfy the private interest of the politician or bureaucrats is the one which the author calls corrupt behaviors, this is so considered that when it is encompassed by neglect and disregarding of the public interest.
Corruption is mostly considered to be rampant in the circumstances which involve interaction of the state and the public. These include areas such as public procurement, regulatory agencies, privatization, taxation, judiciary, permit grants, police and foreign exchange. This usually follows the trend of expeditions of capital projects which have huge fiscal resources. These usually are mostly the most corrupt areas and the resources are abuse when the utilities purchase are said to be thrice the original price of the item as exemplified by Lambsdorff (2002).
Another cause which makes corruption to be rampant is privatization. One of the facts that make this process to be corrupt is the individual gains which make these procedures to be hurriedly carried out. The fiscal foreign institutions terms are met without proper evaluation of the process are not followed and transparency is shunned. Russian privatization after the collapse of the Soviet Union was formulated so that the economic growth may get a boost, however, ended up being unethically carried out and the result was precondition decline of the economy (Simpson, 2002). This created wealth creation to majority few and stripping of assets due to inflation and misappropriation of the foreign loans acquired during the process of privatization.
Corruption Measurements
The complexity of corruption usually harbors evaluation and the extent of corruption to be very complex. This article articulate that the best assessment approach which might offer best result for corruption is Corruption Perception Index (CPI) this measure is the one which is fostered by transparency international. This evaluation incorporates people of high social standing in the society and analyst to attest the level of corruption in a country. Usually the outcomes are usually computed so that the best result maybe is analyzed and the proper analysis is attained and therefore the level of corruption is enveloped as noted by Swatantra (2006).
Majority of the countries whose evaluation has b...