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Answer FOUR (4) of the following questions in a coherent paragraph

Essay Instructions:

Section 2: Secondary Sources (4x10 = 40 points) 40 mins
Answer FOUR (4) of the following questions in a coherent paragraph:
1. LeeAnn Lands argues that the federal government “desire[d] to use property ownership to calm political turmoil, . . . [and] to encourage new cultural constructions of the homeowner and homeownership. Explain how Land’s concept makes sense in relation to the Chicago Race Riots of 1919.
2. Does Clayborne Carson think that Martin Luther King and Malcolm X’s ideologies were complementary or incompatible? Do you agree with his assessment? Explain.
3. In Complicity, the authors reveal that Rhode Island “was America’s leader in the transatlantic [slave] trade” in the 1700s, and that New York City “became the hub of an enormously lucrative illegal slave trade” before the Civil War. Do these facts change the way historians need to conceive of race and racism in American history?
4. Explain why David Brion Davis thinks that race is “arbitrary and cultural.”
5. Dean Kotlowski argues that “Native Americans rejected the integrationist goals of the black civil rights movement.” Explain how self-determination shaped the Native American civil right agenda in the 1970s.
6. Manisha Sinha argues that “The caning [of Charles Sumner] dramatically illustrated . . . how the question of racial slavery could fracture the world of white republicanism.” Explain what this means within the context of 1850s sectionalism.
7. How would Ron Walters answer the question, “is Barack Obama black?”
8. Explain how, according to Darlene Clark Hine, “the black professional class was essential to the revolutionary transformation of African Americans and America.”
PLEASE DO NOT BE PATRIOTIC!! ONLY SPEAK FROM FACTS AND A HISTORICAL CONTEXT!

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Questions
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Question 2
Clayborne Carson considers Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X’s ideas to be incompatible. The author holds that the two held contrasting ideas regarding the future of blacks, and the same positions continue to divide African Americans today. On the one hand, King called for a nonviolent form of resistance. He believed that blacks could defeat the whites using means that did not lead to violence and killings. King was “Firmly convinced that nonviolent direct action was the only effective tactic available to discontented Black people.” On the other hand, X insisted on the utilization of “any means necessary.” Carson demonstrates how X’s main concern during 1964 included collaborating with Black activists “he saw as more militant than King.” I agree with Carson’s assessment given that the two held different views regarding the liberation of the blacks. It was not possible to reconcile two people, where one advocated for non-violent means while another advocated for violence.[Carson, Clayborne. "The Unfinished Dialogue of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X." OAH Magazine of History 19, no. 1 (2005): Pg. 16] [Ibid Pg. 17]
Question 4
Dean Kotlowski stresses that Native Americans were unwilling to join the black civil rights movement. In the past, the natives had undergone through betrayals where movements promised both social and legal “equality,” but ended up doing the opposite. In the 1960s, the tribal governments gained access to federal funding, which offered them the resources they needed to manage local issues. The enactment of The Self-determination and Education Act of 1975 offered the natives the run their programs like education, police, and health among others. Self-determination worked towards the restoration of the tribal community, control of important functions, and cultural renewal of the tribes. As a result, Indian activism increased with the emphasis on “Red Power.”[Kotlowski, Dean J., and Dean J. Kotlowski. Nixon’s civil rights. Harvard University Press, 2001.]
Question 7
Ron Walters would answ...
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