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M4A1: Midterm Exam Assignment - Emile Durkheim Theory

Essay Instructions:

By the end of this activity, you will be able to:
Be able to explain the historical context of core social theories
Use an analytical framework to navigate social theory
Acquire a basic understanding of classical and contemporary social theory
Analyze social phenomena utilizing theoretical frameworks(Sociology Major Outcome #2)
Answer any 5 questions; be sure to give examples wherever applicable. Each essay should be between 250-500 words. The Midterm Examination will be completed during Module 4 and is worth 15% of your overall course grade.
Define and explain the questions of order and action. Give a real-life example of how order versus action can affect an individual’s choices in life.
Discuss Marx’s concept “the fetishism of commodities” from Capital.
Discuss in detail, from the Manifesto of the Communist Party how the social relations of production will become a “fetter” or obstacle to the continued development of the means of production. Make sure to use specific quotes from the Manifesto to support your discussion.
Watch/Listen 
PowerPoint slides for Chapter 4 [PPT File Size 2316KB]
Alan Macfarlane video on Weber [Video File 43:02 mins]
https://www(dot)youtube(dot)com/watch?v=CNC3Ur2Uc6A&feature=channel
Instructors Notes
Watch/Listen: 
PowerPoint slides for Chapter 3 [PPT File Size 2584KB]
Alan Macfarlane video on Durkheim [Video File Size 47:05 mins]
https://www(dot)youtube(dot)com/watch?v=IfjycYvlZGg&feature=channel
Module Notes 3
Watch/Listen 
PowerPoint slides for Chapter 2 [PPT File Size 1759KB]
Alan Macfarlane video on Marx and labor [Video File 53 mins 41 secs]
https://www(dot)youtube(dot)com/watch?v=xoZp177HDJ8&feature=channel
Recommended reading: “Marxism, Structuralism and Vulgar Materialism”  Jonathan Friedman’s article PDF
Accessible version of the PDF: “Marxism, Structuralism and Vulgar Materialism” [PDF File Size 2.34MB]. Instruction for the link: Click "Accept JSTOR's Terms and Conditions and proceed to PDF" to open the PDF
Module 2 Notes 
Watch/Listen 
PowerPoint slides for Chapter 1 [PPT File Size 1524KB]
Sociology 101: Weber, Durkheim, Marx and Mills [Video File 7 mins 05 secs]
Recommended Video 
https://www(dot)youtube(dot)com/watch?v=FCF3MMU2q4w&feature=related
A map of social theories, 1000-2000 by Alan Macfarlane [Video File 42 mins 56 secs]
https://www(dot)youtube(dot)com/watch?v=Tf9QJ02VkhU
Outline the two forms of solidarity discussed by Durkheim. What is the relationship between the forms of solidarity and the division of labor? On what is each type of solidarity based? 
Discuss the various forms of suicide defined by Durkheim. Explain why Durkheim’s work Suicide is significant for the discipline of sociology as a whole. 
According to Weber, what role did the “calling” and outward signs of grace play in the development of capitalism? Once it was firmly established, what effect did capitalism have on these religious ideas? 
Compare and contrast Weber’s types of legitimate domination. Discuss specifically each type’s strengths and weaknesses. Be sure to provide contemporary concrete examples of each type.
Discuss Weber’s essay on bureaucracy. Explain the negative and positive attributes of this system. Also explain its role in Weber’s concept of “iron cage.”

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Midterm exams
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Societal solidarity
As part of Emile Durkheim theory that explained on the development of societies, The Division of Labour in Society categorized two societal solidarity that include:
1 Organic solidarity
2 Mechanical solidarity
A society that exhibits mechanical solidarity has its cohesion and integration coming from the individual`s homogeneity. It is rooted in the feeling of likeness, where everyone feels and does the same thing. People will feel connected through having similar jobs, education, religious training and lifestyle. Mechanical solidarity is based in a traditional and small scale societies and it is also based on the familial network`s kinship ties (Radiohogan, 2008).
Whereas, organic solidarities is a social cohesion in which each individual is interdependent with each other and they therefore form cooperative associations. This kind of solidarity is based upon individuals` dependence of each other in a more advanced society due to their independencies from work specializations, and complementary between people which occurs in a modern society. Individuals perform different tasks and they have different values and interests, but the solidarity of the society depends on how the individuals rely on each other to perform their specialized tasks. “Organicâ€Β is the independence between component parts, hence social solidarity will be maintained in a complex society through interdependence of component parts. For instance, in a modern society, a farmer will produce farm produce (food) that will feed their factory workers who come up with tractors that the farmers use to produce more food. Therefore this kind of solidarity is maintained from the individuals cultivating their differences and knowing that each person is playing their part for the good of the whole (Hart, 2014; Appelrouth & Edles, 2016)
The fetish of commodity
A commodity according to Karl Marx is something mysterious because it contains the social character of men`s labour which appears as an objective character laid upon the product of that labour. He also explains that the relationship of the producers to the total sum of their labour is seen as a social relation existing between the products of their labour. Therefore, the products of labor is the commodity. Marx aims to find an analogy through focusing on the mist-enveloped religious world regions. In a religious world, human brain productions are independent beings given life, and they enter a relationship with one another and with the human race. Hence, he alludes that it is the world of commodities with the products done by men`s hands. Marx refers to this as the fetishism that sticks itself to the products of labor (Friedman, 1974;Marx, 1997).
Marx uses a materialistic approach to argue that the real social relation of production are concealed by the commodities` presence in a society that is capitalistic. Commodities, other than human labor are the lynch-pin of a capitalist society. This kind of view mystifies the realities in a real society. The value of the products is seen to come from the nature of the product, yet this labor that is used is specifically ...
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