International Relations: Globalization

International Relations Student`s Name Institutional Affiliation International Relations Question 1 Globalization refers to the process of interaction and integration that takes place among individuals, organizations, and governments worldwide. It entails a shift in the spatial scale of social organizations that join different communities (Baylis, Smith & Owens, 2017). Through globalization, organizations and countries gain international influence and begin operating on a global scale. According to Irwin (2016), U.S. presidential candidates tend to brush free trade during elections and embrace it once elected. They soon realize that imposing new barriers would rip the existing agreements and eventually be self-destructive to society. In the same way, globalization has both positive and negative effects. Given a chance, some countries wish to stay out of the wave of globalization. Overall, the positive effects of globalization on the global economy outweigh the negative effects. International institutions like the IMF, World Bank, and WTO have been beneficial to the member countries. These institutions serve to constrain the behavior of wealthy nations and offer information and monitoring capabilities to enhance cooperation among the member countries (Milner, 2005). The global economy requires countries to work together towards addressing issues affecting trade. The three institutions have been instrumental in assisting the member countries in adopting market-friendly policies which have eased unnecessary tensions and created more market for goods and services. Globalization has facilitated liberalization policies towards trade and foreign direct investment (FDI). Developing countries benefit from foreign capital and technology because it offers them the opportunity to develop economically. FDI also transfers skills from the developed nations to the developing ones which help improve economic output by allowing the developing countries to become more efficient. FDI also creates conditions where democracy and respect for human rights flourish. Investors, especially from the developing world, require countries to make adjustments regarding their governance as a requirement for investment. Eventually, as trade increases, democracy improves and makes the world a better place for all individuals. Some problems require a global approach to address them. A single country can not sufficiently address issues like environmental degradation and pollution. Climate change is now a global phenomenon that requires a global solution. The increasing levels of affluence have led to local environmental improvement. As nations become wealthier, they tend to invest more into efforts aimed at conserving the environment. The opening up of markets improves efficiency in the production process and reduces pollution. Due to globalization, countries can come up together and collectively address these issues. The sharing of knowledge due to globalization has enabled countries to remain updated on modern ways of protecting the environment. Countries have a comparative advantage in the production of goods and services. Globalization allows them to concentrate on the production of the goods and services they have a comparative advantage. For the goods that ...