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9 pages/≈2475 words
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6 Sources
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APA
Subject:
Social Sciences
Type:
Essay
Language:
English (U.S.)
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$ 43.74
Topic:
Environment Policy (Reading Precise and Statement)
Essay Instructions:
The readings is about Environment Ontario Policy
Readings Log
• Each student will submit a set (six readings) of short summaries of the readings
• Each summary has two brief components: a precis and a statement of the student’s main response to the main points of the reading.
Please look at the instruction sheet for more detail
Essay Sample Content Preview:
Environment Policy (Reading Precise and Statement)
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Environment Policy (Reading Precise and Statement)
Decisions and Non-decisions (author Baratz)
Decisions refers to making a choice from the given alternatives. This definition does not entail deprivation nor does it involve power. It is a choice among alternative after weighing options and taking the best among them in value. On the other hand, non-decisions refer to choices made for the interest of a few. This happens especially in political systems and subsystems CITATION Bar70 \l 1033 (Baratz, 1970). The decision maker benefits from the choices made before the majority voice their opinions through the decision making process. An example to this is when a decision maker uses extreme force to calm down the voice of many, uses extreme power to enable making a non-decision, and use of an existing bias to influence a decision. Another method of making a non-decision is the strengthening of bias to block any challenge. A fifth way is through reinforcing the existing barriers or constructing new barriers.
In order to identify a non-decision, the best way to begin is on the process of making decisions. Since the victims do not understand how the process took place, the makers do not know the full implication of their actions. In evaluating the process, one will identify active and passive decision makers. The process will also reveal the use of bias, the insights into the disfavored victims, and the extent of the victims’ interest. This scrutiny has to be for an important aspect or topic and it will always reveals power struggle, those who benefit from decisions and those victimized.
To reallocate resources and values, two categories will seek reallocation. Persons and groups. Persons are individuals and association either in government or with citizens. Groups include civil rights organizations, industrial firms, and white supremacy. On the other hand, those persons and groups committing to existing values have a stake in the prevailing decisions made.
The channel for policy choices or change refers to one that contains demands for policy change and contains discussions to the point for calling for resolution of the decision. It can either face closure with values that suppresses grievances or have a power barrier.
The legal framework (author Mitnick)
Environmental decisions in Canada are gaining fame and have changed in the last decade. Judges look for due diligence in making environmental decisions various issues. Courts follow due diligence in making a decision as seen in the case of R. v. Sault Ste. Marie. This due diligence involves reviewing the true nature of the crimes, that is, if they have a criminal intent that will invoke mens rea or absolute liability offenses.
In environmental cases, sentencing involves making business sense and affording protection for officers and corporations from liability under environmental regulations and statutes. The courts have continually tried to punish those who damage the environment. In sentencing offenders, courts consider; the nature of the affected environment, extent of the damage, the size and wealth of the firm, level of crime, extent to comply, feeling or remorse,...
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