Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination against Women

5-7 page essay
•Introduce the topic
•Describe two personal observations or experiences
•Explain a theory we learned about that accounts for these observations
•Must use supporting research!
•Apply the theory to the events you described –is the theory a good fit? Are there discrepancies?

Some social psychological principles or phenomena covered in a class lecture:
***these are directly from slides so if used cite (professor,2019) and I will fix.
These are only 2 chapters, so when choosing, explain from a female perspective, talk about an experience that relates to you or happened to you from a femal eperspective since it involves personal experience and observation and more so because it involves possible self-concept and perhaps being prejudiced due to being a woman or discriminated against based on being thought of or seen as “just a woman.”

1. Self-Concept: The sum total of beliefs that people have about themselves
Self-concept is made up of self-schemas
Self-Schema: Beliefs about oneself that guide processing of self-relevant information
Self-awareness: The knower aspect: act of thinking about ourselves

Mirror test.

-Introspection
- Self-Perception Theory: When internal cues are difficult to interpret, people gain insight by observing their own behaviour
-Does our behaviour really reflects how we feel, or was it the situation that made us act that way?
Perceptions of your own motivation
-Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic
- Overjustificationeffect
Ways we can know ourselves (theoretically)
•Introspection
•Perceptions of our own behaviours
•Comparing ourselves to other people
•Autobiographical memories

-Self-esteem
-Self-Discrepancy Theory
- Self-presentation
-Favourable self-views
-Dunning-Kruger effect
-Implicit egotism
-Four major strategies we employ to feel better about ourselves:
•Self-serving cognitions
•Self-handicapping
•BIRGing
•Downward social comparison

2. Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
- Definitions of all 3
-Causes of the problem:
Intergroup, motivational, cognitive, and cultural factors
-Consequences
-Ways to reduce

Definitions:
Stereotypes: Associations with groups of people
•No valence is involved: Can be positive or negative or neutral
Prejudice: Negative attitudes of groups of people
•Valence is involved: Group X is bad
Discrimination: Differential treatment of groups of people
•About behaviours

If choose this topic must mention and explain each of the following:
Bias, implicit & explicit prejudice
Modern, aversive, old-fashioned racism, interracial connections
Sexism- hostile and benevolent

-causes of the problem- race is a social construct
                                         - Appearance-based signals of “outsiderness” used to identify danger, otherness, trigger own-group favouritism MENTION OUTGROUP HOMOGENITY EFFECT
-mention the Theories of Intergroup Conflict & Minimal paradigm
•Realistic Conflict Theory•
-Direct competition between groups for resources breeds hostility (Levine & Campbell, 1972)
•Relative Deprivation Theory•
-ACTUAL/ABSOLUTE resources don’t matter. PERCEIVED resource DISPARITIES lead to conflict (Walker & Smith, 2002)
-Everyone in neighborhood a multimillionaire. But Hudson’s down the street have 16 hunting falcons and a liger we are jealous and resent

-when talking about stereotypes specifically – mention subtyping & intrinsic and extrinsic behaviour explanations & the stereotype threat
-Role of self-fulfilling prophecy
- Where do stereotypes come from? Can stereotyping be fixed? – solve the issue by the contact hypothesis.

Takeaways:
-Differences between prejudice, discrimination, stereotypes
-Explicit vs. Implicit bias
-Evolutionary roots of ingroup favouritism
-Consequences: Stereotype Threat
-Ways to reduce prejudice?