Human growth and development task 4. Psychology Essay

Human Growth and Development
Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Human Growth and Development
Question 1: Temperament in children
A child’s temperament is based on the traits and behaviors genetically determined through their responsiveness. Consequently, an infant displays particular distinct behavior that noticeably has genetic influences right after birth (Hong & Park, 2012). Therefore, temperament becomes visible concerning several factors, such as their threshold to display distress. Such behavior aims to elicit responses from caregivers, thus plays a significant role in the formation of attachments.
Parent-child attachments form as the child develops from birth and becomes a critical aspect in determining their overall relationship over time. Easy going children tend to display positive moods with little or no irritation from new stimuli. Parents can thus reward such behavior with responses such as hugs and kisses that help reinforce it. This improves their relationship and further develops trust from the infant as he/she grows (Ortiz & Barnes, 2019). On the other hand, fussy children tend to be irritable with low levels of adaptability hence likely to throw tantrums regularly. Such attention-seeking tactics require positive responses to ensure their attachment remains intact. However, specific negative responses create insecurities in the infant, thus reducing the attachment bond between the parent and the child.
According to Erickson's Psychosocial Developmental Model, a child’s first crisis occurs early on during development where the child encounters the trust vs. mistrust crisis. A child develops from birth through their dependency on caregivers for stability and consistent care. Consequently, temperament may determine an infant’s relationship with their caregiver, thus creating an environment for the crisis to occur (Hong & Park, 2012). Therefore, irritable infants without adequate support from parents are likely to fail to pass this stage in development due to the lack of trust. However, consistent positive responses from the caregiver create an environment of trust and security, thus enhancing the infant’s sense of support.
Question 2: Genome
Information o...