Literature and Language: Research Methods

Research methods Cite the sources you consulted in responding to the questions:1. Survey research: The city of Warren has over 1,000 full-time police officers and 300 support staff employees. In the past year, there has been an excess number of department employees (police and staff) taking sick leave. The city wants a study done to determine why there has been so much sick time taken. Rumors suggest it has something to do with morale and declining support of the chief. Assume research approval has been given. The city is specifically interested on how you address the following: 1. Will this be an inductive or deductive approach? What is the difference and which will you choose and why? 2. What type of comparative or prior research would you look at in preparing your study ( examples)? 3. What type of research design or questionnaire will you use? In other words, how will you design the study and how will you develop, validate, and administer the questionnaire (consider Likert scaling measures)? 4. Due to costs, you can only do a sampling study. How will you get a random sampling of 500 police subjects and 100 staff for study ( explain your method for doing a random sampling of each)? 5. How will you assure the validity and reliability of the study? Explain the difference between the two and explain the importance of each ( suggest an example of each as well). 6. How will you examine or analyze your findings (how will you present the data), and how will you determine if the results are statistical significant or not? 2. Experimental research: A researcher wants to determine which method is most effective in reducing weight gain in middle age persons. There are three methods used. One method is to exercise at a gym three evenings a week with a trainer. The second method is a daily drug (pill) administered without exercise and the third is a personal exercise routine without a drug or the use of a trainer. Some argue that trainers are the best, others the pill and others the personal routine, which is referred to as the normal or usual practice of weight loss. Assume you have a pool of 600 volunteers of various weights, age ranges and health issues, etc. to choose for the study. Due to cost you can only select 220 total participants. Develop a study using a classical research design to evaluate the three methods. Include the following in your response. 1. Is this a qualitative or quantitative study ( explain the difference)? 2. How will you address randomization of the participants? In other words, while perfect randomization of subjects may be difficult to achieve, how will you select the participants for the three groups to reduce bias ( e,g, consider health issues, etc.).The participants in the study do not have to be equal numbers in groups. 3. Will you use a classical research design, a non-classical, or pre-experimental design ( explain the difference between them)? 4. Identify the control and experimental groups and pre and post test procedures used in your study (time period of study, etc.)? 5. Differentiate between validity and reliability and how will each be addressed. You may want to explain each and give an example if potential validity and validity problems in your study. 6. What is statistical significance, and how will you determine which group is the most effective? What type of confidence levels or Alpha P values would you try to accomplish to show there is significance to the study?