Common Causes, Possible Complications and Management of Diseases

Common Causes, Possible Complications and Management of Diseases
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Common Causes, Possible Complications and Management of Diseases
The Common Cold
Common Causes
Viral infections cause the common cold that mainly infects parts of the upper respiratory system in human beings. Different varieties of viruses, including coronaviruses and rhinoviruses, cause the common cold, making it one of the most common types of infectious diseases.
Possible Complications
The common cold usually disappears and clears out without necessitating the need for medicine, but in some cases, complications may occur. Viral infections can cause the spread of bacteria in the respiratory system causing severe problems in the patient. For instance, acute bronchitis may occur when the bronchi in the lungs become inflamed due to a viral or bacterial infection. Apart from that, pneumonia may occur in instances where alveoli in the lungs become filled with fluid, mainly due to a bacterial infection.
Management
Due to the diverse nature of viruses in the world, it is impossible to receive vaccination against the common cold. In most cases, the common cold is spread through the air by coughing/sneezing or contact with an infected individual. Therefore, proper hygiene, such as constant washing of hands with soap can prevent the spread of a cold. Additionally, due to the lack of medicine to treat such viruses, the symptoms can only be relieved for short periods (Knispel, 2017). The use of drugs such as painkillers and decongestant nasal sprays offer relief for some of the symptoms of the common cold.
Diaper rash in infants
Common Causes
Prolonged contact with irritants in a baby diaper can cause rashes in infants due to the nature of their sensitive skin. These irritants may include moisture, chemical substances, or friction due to extended usage of the product. The diaper rashes mainly affect areas around the buttocks, lower abdomen, thighs, and genitals in infants.
Possible Complications
Extended usage of diapers leads to prolonged contact with feces and urine by the infant. This causes inflammation of the perianal region, which can worsen if not treated immediately. Complications may arise, leading to the formation of crusts and erosion of skin, thus creating environments for infections by yeast or bacteria to occur.
Management
Adequate diaper hygiene prevents any occurrence of diaper rashes in infants under most circumstances. However, in cases where inflammation has occurred, keeping the area dry and clean prevents any discomfort. Additionally, leaving the infant without a diaper enables adequate air circulation around the affected region, thus allowing time for healing. Applying petroleum jelly around the affected area also provides a layer of protection that prevents friction caused by dryness. Finally, avoiding tight pants ensures that there is less irritation caused around the affected area. This enables the baby to wiggle around easily, thus preventing any friction (Robock, 2019).
Diarrhea in young children
Common causes
Diarrhea in young children may be caused by several pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, or protozoa that infect the gastrointestinal tract. Once present in the ...