International Politics

International Politics
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International Politics
Even though the cold war ended, states cannot attain absolute security because of the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons of mass destruction. International organizations have limited powers over resolving disputes, especially among non-state actors. Some of the various ways states reach security are by utilizing defense, deterrence, détente diplomacy, and disarmament, either alone or in combination. Defense and deterrence are often employed together and work to make the costs of aggression too costly for the attacker. Détente diplomacy works by incentivizing cooperation rather than aggression. Disarmament conflicts with the other three security strategies and can only work in a conciliatory, agreeable world (Roskin & Berry, 2017). Global insecurity has changed since 9/11 with the development in war technologies that favor both offense and defense sides in an invasion, rampant proliferation of nuclear arms, and an increase in the number of nihilistic non-state actors.
One reason for the stalling of the growing European unity is the repeated bailing out of weaker eurozone members. The fiscal imbalances of various euro members threaten the Euro's future, the one currency that unified all European nations. Because there is no one political authority to monitor borrowing and budgets among member states, irresponsible economic planning by some countries ends up affecting all member states. For instance, due to ineffective control of the economic crises in Portugal, Spain, Ireland, and Greece, the value of the euro shrunk and triggered a sovereign debt crisis that caused widespread panic among member states (Roskin & Berry, 2017). Another issue that stalled the unification of Euro member states is the influx of culturally disparate refugees. Some Europeans are fearful of the many Arab immigrants flowing into Europe. The issue of immigration threatens to split EU member states as some favor immigration while the more significant number is strongly anti-immigration, citing cultural, economic, and security concerns.
The growing rise of China as a superpower threatens to upset the hegemony enjoyed by America since the end of the cold war. More importantly, China is an authoritarian state with a historical sense of wounded nationalism. It is eager to use its economic and military power to further its national interests. This stance makes it difficult to engage the country in pragmatic domestic and foreign policies or even confront its regime when aggressively pushes its expansionist designs or even on issu...