Women and Tobacco: Describes Health Issues, Consequences and Risks

Women and Tobacco
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Women are subject to tobacco either as smokers or passive smokers, those who are nonsmoker are also at the risk of health effects, women assume a higher possibility of suffering more health consequences resulting from tobacco smoking than their male counterparts Brucker and King (2009).According to (World Health Organization, 2015) statistics twenty percent of women in developed countries and nine percent in developing countries consume tobacco. One of the effect tobacco has to women regards their reproduction, according to Brucker and King (2009) it affects the women fertility, pregnancy, birth outcomes and breastfeeding. In relation to effects of smoking on women reproduction, the authors states that 11% of women smoke during pregnancy.
Women who abandon smoking during pregnancy decrease the risk of exposure to the reproductive complications by fifty two percent Brucker and King (2009). It affects lactation among women by reducing basal prolactin which has adverse effect on the nutritional quality of milk during breast feeding Pregler and DeCherney (2002). Where women are passive smokers they are at risk of environmental exposure to smoking and the adverse effects include respiratory infections, pneumonia, bronchitis and lung dysfunction Brucker and King (2009).
Tobacco is associated with about thirty percent of cervical cancer, further it has been reported that thirty seven percent of deaths are cervical cancer related among women, it has therefore been considered as among others a cause of cervical cancer Pregler and DeCherney (2002), The hormonal difference between men and women also contribute to the effects of tobacco in them, hormonal factors expose women to the risk...