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Health, Medicine, Nursing
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English (U.S.)
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Using the Epidemiologic Triangle

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Course Text: Public Health Nursing: Population-Centered Health Care in the Community
The assigned readings this week outlined the basic concepts of epidemiology and discussed the concept of the Epidemiologic Triangle. Dr. Jacobs, in this week's media presentation, also discussed how epidemiology helps a community to know itself. Dr. Guerra shared an example of how his community was able to effectively eliminate Hepatitis A infections through primary prevention strategies and the use of epidemiological assessment techniques.
To prepare for this Discussion, review Chapter 12 in the course textbook and the media program. Then, read the following case study:
This is Debbie's first year working as a nurse at the local health department in a rural county. Most of her days are spent in the clinic seeing clients who often do not have health insurance.
Over the past month, Debbie has noticed that several young Hispanic men have come to the health department, each diagnosed with tuberculosis. Debbie is concerned about what the outbreak of tuberculosis among the migrant workers could mean for the community. Through a community health profile, Debbie identifies the group of migrant farm workers as being at highest risk for contracting tuberculosis.
Using the Epidemiologic Triangle concept, consider the relationship among causal agents, susceptible persons, and environmental factors. Then, respond to the following:
1--*As a BSN-prepared community health nurse, what steps should Debbie take next?
2-How might information systems be used to support Debbie's efforts?
Support your response with references from the professional nursing literature.
one website that can be used
Web Sites
Center for Disease Control
http://www(dot)cdc(dot)gov
I attached a video*********************************
Video: Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2009). Family, community and population-based care: Epidemiology in community health nursing. Baltimore: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 12 minutes.
In this week's media, Dr. David Jacobs explains the purpose of epidemiology and its application to assessing populations at risk and health promotion. Ms. Joan Marren and Dr. Fernando Guerra discuss the use of epidemiology in public health and as a tool for assessing the needs of a community. The experts also share examples of how epidemiology was used to identify the health needs of ethnically diverse and vulnerable populations in their communities.

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Using the Epidemiologic Triangle
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Using the Epidemiologic Triangle
Using the epidemiologic triangle, an infectious disease such as tuberculosis could be thought about as a relationship between the microscopic organism that causes the illness/agent, a vulnerable individual/host, and the environment which brings the agent and the host together.
Agent

Host Environment
In the case study, the steps that Debbie should take are to find out how tuberculosis (TB) is spread or its transmission mode. With this information, she would be able to identify the ways of halting or reducing the spread of the bacteria. In essence, the agent, which is an infectious micro-organism, has to be present for the sickness to happen and they can be passed from one person to another, or they could be acquired from the environment by means of different transmission modes (Abrams, 2012). After Debbie has determined the transmission mode of the TB agent, she can study the factors which reduce or enhance the agent’s probability of transfer to a host. These include: ability of the agent to survive in unfavourable environments, to live outside the host, or through shifting antigenicity, or the capability of inducing an immune system (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014).
Host factors are the risk exposure due to some behaviour or other individual characteristic, or how at risk that individual would be as soon as the exposure happens. These characteristics could be sociodemographic, behavioural, or biologic. In determining the risk of infection, Debbie should also establish environment factors. These factors influence the contact between people and the socio-economic, biological, and physical worlds. The external variables include the physical surroundings, climate and geology. It involves contact with other people, animals, plants and arthropod vectors. After identifying and understanding the causal factors and mechanisms of TB, Debbie will then implement effective interventions for preventing the occurrence of th...
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