The Language of Anatomy (Health, Medicine, Nursing Essay)

The Language of Anatomy
Name Course Instructor Date
1. Review, identify and describe anatomical plane terminology. Figure 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5.Figure 1.2: Body orientation and structure
Superior/inferior (above/below): These terms refer to the placement of a structure along the long axis of the body.
Anterior/posterior (front/back):  In humans, anterior towards the front of the body and posterior towards the back (rear).
Medial/lateral: medial is closest to the median sagittal plane (median sagittal line), and lateral is further away from the median sagittal line
Absolute anatomical positions
Cephalad (cranial)/caudal (toward the head/toward the tail): “In humans, these terms are used interchangeably with superior and inferior, but in four-legged animals, they are synonymous with anterior and posterior “The cranial is towards the upper body and caudal is towards the lower part of the body.
Ventral/dorsal  (belly side/back side):  The terms are used in the comparative anatomy of animals. In animals that are standing, the anterior is interchangeable with the ventral or frontal, and the posterior is interchangeable with the dorsal. In four-legged animals, ventral and dorsal are interchangeable with inferior and superior, respectively.
Proximal/distal (nearer the trunk or attached end/farther from the trunk or point of attachment): These indicate the location of the area of the body. Proximal is near the root of the limb or towards the trunk, and distal is away from the root of the limb or away from the trunk. For instance, the arm is considered proximal when compared to the forearm (distal), as it is closer to the scapular waist
Superficial (external)/deep (internal) (toward or at the body surface/away from the body surface): Superficial means closer to the surface of the body, and deep means further away from the body surface. For instance, the skin is a superficial structure compared to the lungs or bones that are located deeper in the body
Figure 1.3 Body Planes and Sections
Axes and planes of the movement have used the movements that each of the different joints that the human body can perform
Sagittal plane (median, or midsagittal, plane): divides the body into the right half and the left half.
Frontal plane (coronal plane): divides the body into the anterior half and the posterior half.
Frontal plane: divides the body into upper and lower parts. In the case of sectioned organs along the transverse plane, these sections are known as cross-sections.
Figure 1.4 objects in 3 other different planes 
Cross-section: This is horizontal cut is known also known as the transverse section
Median section: This is a cut that dividends a left and right half
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