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2019-11-07

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Technological Advances In Health Care. Health & Medicine Essay

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Technology in health care has taken many forms over the years. In 1796, Edward Jenner developed the first smallpox vaccination method. A hundred years later, Wilhelm Rontgen discovered how to use x-rays for medical imaging. And in 2013, Japanese researchers grew the first human liver from stem cells. What is next? How does one technological advance set the stage for further discoveries?

For this assignment you will compose an analysis of 750 words incorporating the following:

Evaluate at a minimum of two different historical perspectives regarding the delivery of health care in the United States. How has technology and the lack of developing technology affected and shaped these perspectives?

Contrast and describe two technological advances that have positively impacted health care delivery in the United States.

Explain how the two technological advances you selected have influenced public opinion of the changing health care system in the United States? Provide a brief summary of both positive and negative opinions.

Forecast how you believe these two technological advances will affect delivery and utilization of health care in the United States in the future. What other factors may simultaneously affect health care utilization?

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Technological Advances Essay

	1 Unsatisfactory 0.00%	2 Less than Satisfactory 65.00%	3 Satisfactory 75.00%	4 Good 85.00%	5 Excellent 100.00%
70.0 %Content
20.0 %Evaluation Of Two Different Historical Perspectives Regarding The Delivery Of Health Care In The United States	Not included.	An evaluation of two different historical perspectives regarding the delivery of health care in the United States is present, but the information provided is incomplete, inaccurate, or otherwise deficient.	An evaluation of two different historical perspectives regarding the delivery of health care in the United States is present, but minimal detail or support is provided for one or more components.	An evaluation of two different historical perspectives regarding the delivery of health care in the United States is present in full. The submission encompasses essential details and provides appropriate support.	An evaluation of two different historical perspectives regarding the delivery of health care in the United States is incorporated comprehensively. The submission further includes analysis of supporting evidence insightfully and provides specific examples with relevance. Level of detail is appropriate.
20.0 %Description Of Two Technological Advances That Have Positively Impacted Health Care Delivery In The United States	Not included.	A description of two technological advances that have positively impacted health care delivery in the United States is present, but the information provided is incomplete, inaccurate, or otherwise deficient.	A description of two technological advances that have positively impacted health care delivery in the United States is present, but minimal detail or support is provided for one or more components.	A description of two technological advances that have positively impacted health care delivery in the United States is present and incorporated in full. The submission encompasses essential details and provides appropriate support.	A description of two technological advances that have positively impacted health care delivery in the United States is present and comprehensive. The submission further incorporates analysis of supporting evidence insightfully and provides specific examples with relevance. Level of detail is appropriate.
15.0 %Explanation Of How The Chosen Technological Advances You Selected Have Influenced Public Opinion, Both Pro And Con, Of The Changing Health Care System In The United States	Not included.	An explanation of how the chosen technological advances you selected have influenced public opinion, both pro and con, of the changing health care system in the United States is present, but the information provided is incomplete, inaccurate, or otherwise deficient.	An explanation of how the chosen technological advances you selected have influenced public opinion, both pro and con, of the changing health care system in the United States is present, but minimal detail or support is provided for one or more components.	An explanation of how the chosen technological advances you selected have influenced public opinion, both pro and con, of the changing health care system in the United States is present and incorporated in full. The submission encompasses essential details and provides appropriate support.	An explanation of how the chosen technological advances you selected have influenced public opinion, both pro and con, of the changing health care system in the United States is present and comprehensive. The submission further incorporates analysis of supporting evidence insightfully and provides specific examples with relevance. Level of detail is appropriate.
15.0 %Forecast Of How The Chosen Technological Advances Will Affect Delivery And Utilization Of Health Care In The United States In The Future	Not included.	A forecast of how the chosen technological advances will affect delivery and utilization of health care in the United States in the future is present, but the information provided is incomplete, inaccurate, or otherwise deficient.	A forecast of how the chosen technological advances will affect delivery and utilization of health care in the United States in the future is present, but minimal detail or support is provided for one or more components.	A forecast of how the chosen technological advances will affect delivery and utilization of health care in the United States in the future is present and incorporated in full. The submission encompasses essential details and provides appropriate support.	A forecast of how the chosen technological advances will affect delivery and utilization of health care in the United States in the future is present and comprehensive. The submission further incorporates analysis of supporting evidence insightfully and provides specific examples with relevance. Level of detail is appropriate.
20.0 %Organization and Effectiveness
7.0 %Thesis Development and Purpose	Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.	Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.	Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.	Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.	Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
8.0 %Argument Logic and Construction	Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.	Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.	Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.	Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.	Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
5.0 %Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)	Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.	Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.	Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.	Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.	Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
10.0 %Format
5.0 %Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)	Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.	Appropriate template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent.	Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.	Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style.	All format elements are correct.
5.0 %Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)	Sources are not documented.	Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.	Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.	Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.	Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
100 %Total Weightage

The Impact of Imaging Technology on Health Care Delivery

Introduction

The rapid development of technology in the health care industry only underscores the importance of the allied health profession and more specifically the radiology profession in health care delivery systems. The discovery of imaging technology and the subsequent advances in the science added another important diagnostic tool with which to diagnose and treat the patient. Review of the history of changes in educational requirements, health care delivery methods, and new technology all reveal a correlation between the advancement of the profession and advancement of scientific discovery.

Development of Radiography

In 1896, when Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-ray, the medical community did not accept its usefulness. Many doubted that the black and white image of bones would be of any assistance to the care and treatment of patients. Those doubters were proven wrong when physicians used the x-ray technology to correctly diagnose disease inside a patient's body. Advancement of the imaging process continued with the development of faster machinery and more efficient techniques of using this new technology. Physicians often had little special training in x-ray techniques and frequently the process of taking a simple x-ray required large blocks of time. In the early 1900's, office assistants or hospital nurses were employed to take x-rays that allowed physicians the time to care for patients. No formal training or education was required in order to standardize the practice of taking or interrupting x-rays (Harris, 1995).

In 1910, Russell Carmen recognized that radiology needed to be classified as a specialty to ensure proper use of the x-ray technology for correct diagnosis and treatment of patients. Ed Jerman realized that x-ray technicians needed to organize and establish the American Association of Radiological Technicians (AART) in 1920 (Harris, 1995, p.46). During the same time frame, technology in x-ray was advancing through the development of better equipment, discovery of uses for molecular material, and new techniques for obtaining radiological studies.

During World War 2, portable x-ray stations were on the front lines to quickly diagnosis for rapid treatment of injuries. This eliminated the need to transport injured service personnel to other areas. Under these stressful situations, x-ray technicians needed to be reliable, independent, and knowledgeable regarding their profession. This need changed the radiographic health care delivery system to a more portable system.

After World War 2, the United States population had better access to health care and utilized the hospital system more than ever. Before this timeframe, home or community treatments were more common than admission to the hospital. This increased consumer knowledge of those treatments available by being exposed to them at the hospital level. Consumers wanted all treatments available, which increased research and development for more treatment options. More demand for technology increased the urgency of training more health care professionals to deliver the services ordered.

Rapid advances of science demanded the development of imaging equipment to utilize the newly gained knowledge. The development of the Coolidge tube enabled radium to be beamed directly to cancer cells inside the body for a new tool against the disease. The discovery of splitting the atom allowed gamma rays to be used for medical therapy and created a whole new nuclear energy industry. Fusion technology through the use of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and the Computed Tomography (CT) was possible with the combination of computer programs and imaging equipment.

Fusion technology made it possible to review not just the black and white images of the original x-ray, but "the three-dimensional images that show how...organs work" (Mayo Clinic, 2007). Single photon emission CT (SPECT), a technology that uses nuclear medicine, uses gamma rays to acquire two-dimensional images of the body and applies computer programs to reorganize the information and, as the final product, produces a three-dimensional image for greater ease of interruption (SPECT.net, 2008).

The development of imaging technology moved the medical field into an era of understanding the human body at a molecular level and away from postulating the cause of disease. "At the core of medical science are biomedical images − images of the human body that help in the understanding of the nature of human biological systems" (Yasrib, & Suhaimi, 2003). Physicians could now focus on finding the cause for a disease and ways to treat a disease rather than spending time looking for a diagnosis. Health care delivery was now a more precise and expensive system with more emphasis on technology and science combined to treat the patient.

Conclusion

Imaging technology advancements have had an enormous impact on health care and the delivery system worldwide. Science, technology, and radiology have partnered to provide advanced tools for improved diagnostic and treatment options for the patient. With development of the computer and x-ray technology, as well as development of medical uses for these discoveries, imaging professionals have become an essential part of the health care team. Continued education must be encouraged to keep up with the rapid advance of the profession.

References

Harris, E. L. (1995). The shadowmakers: A history of radiologic technology [Electronic version] (P. T. Young, C. McElveny, & B. Pongracz-Bartha, Eds.). Albuquerque, NM: American Society of Radiologic Technologists. Retrieved September 15, 2008, from https://www(dot)asrt(dot)org/media/pdf/shadowmakers/ShadowmakersFull.pdf

MayoClinic.Com. (2008). SPECT scan. Retrieved September 21, 2008, from http://www(dot)mayoclinic(dot)com/health/spect-scan/MY00233/UPDATEAPP=false&FLUSHCACHE=0

SPECT.net. (2008). Brain SPECT in action. Retrieved September 22, 2008, from http://www(dot)spect(dot)net/

Yasrib, A. & Suhaimi, M. A. (2003).Image processing in medical applications.Journal of Information Technology Impact, 3: 63-66. Retrieved September 21, 2008, from http://www(dot)jiti(dot)com/v03/v3n2.063-068.pdf

Jonas and Kovner's Health Care Delivery in the United States

Read Chapters 15 and 16 in Jonas and Kovner's Health Care Delivery in the United States.

http://gcumedia(dot)com/digital-resources/springer-publishing-company/2015/jonas-and-kovners-health-care-delivery-in-the-united-states_ebook_11e.php

userid: Lbui4

password : school1!

Electronic Resource

1. Advanced Technology Program Information Infrastructure for Healthcare Focused Program: A Brief History

Read "Advanced Technology Program Information Infrastructure for Healthcare Focused Program: A Brief History," located on the Advanced Technology Program website.

http://www(dot)atp(dot)nist(dot)gov/eao/ir-6477.pdf

2. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996

Read "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996," from the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation website.

http://aspe(dot)hhs(dot)gov/admnsimp/pl104191.htm

3. SPECT Scan

Read "SPECT Scan," from the Mayo Clinic website.

http://www(dot)mayoclinic(dot)com/health/spect-scan/MY00233/UPDATEAPP=false&FLUSHCACHE=0

e-Library Resource

1. Medical Image File Formats

Read "Medical Image File Formats," by Larobina and Murino, from Journal of Digital Imaging (2015).

https://lopes(dot)idm(dot)oclc(dot)org/login?url=http://search(dot)ebscohost(dot)com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=104043762&site=eds-live&scope=site

Website

1. Council on Graduate Medical Education

Explore the Council on Graduate Medical Education website.

http://www(dot)hrsa(dot)gov/advisorycommittees/bhpradvisory/cogme/index.html

2. Nuclear Connect

Explore the Nuclear Connect website. In particular, read the technology, application, and nuclear matters sections as they relate to medical and health issues.

http://www(dot)nuclearconnect(dot)org/know-nuclear/technology

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Technological Advances In Health Care
Name of student
Name of the institution
Technological Advances In Health Care
Health care in the United States has evolved into a more complex form than what it used to be a few decades ago. Technological advancements have revolutionized this sector leading to the delivery of most treatments and services in an increasingly efficient manner. It has continued to evolve from generation to generation without any sign of stopping. Accordingly, the paper sheds lights on some technological advances that have influenced the delivery of health care in the United States and the impacts they could create in the future.
The two historical perspectives that are always used to view health care delivery are the ease of accessing healthcare information and public opinion. Throughout history, the doctor has remained at the center of treatment in America. The doctor has remained with the task of serving patients and relieving their agonies within the limitations of available knowledge by preventing epidemics, enhancing public health, and curing or minimizing the scourge of illnesses (King, 2003). The second perspective has been on public opinion on hospitals. Hospitals are usually seen as a place that people are taken to “die” from stubborn ailments. This is probably due to the fact that a lot of people used to die in hospitals because of the lack of advancement in the health sector in the past (Fisher, 2016). Therefore, physicians sometimes conducted disastrous therapies that easily put patients’ lives on great harm.
Technological Advances that have Impacted the Delivery of Health Care.
Electronic health records (EHRs)
Adopting the use of EHRs in the place of paper records has enabled easy appointment scheduling and submission of medical claims. EHRs has enhanced the care of patients in that patients can automatically inform their physicians about the potential problems like inability to tolerate other medicines. It has also improved public health because it provides researchers with invaluable information that get used to developing new treatments for common health problems. A bacterial or a viral infection can quickly be identified because of the presence of a centralized system countrywide (Gaylin et al., 2011). Finally, EHRs introduced a safer data storage system through the use of cloud computing technology which allows huge chunks of data to be stored cheaply without the need for extra hardware or servers.
Telemedicine
This technology relies on the fact that a larger percentage of American citizens have mobile phones that are connected to the internet. It is approximated that about 270 million Americans have internet su...

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