Psychotherapy. THERE ARE TWO ARTICLES BELOW. Read and respond.

THERE ARE TWO ARTICLES BELOW
Respond to EACH OF THE WRITINGS BELOW by providing an additional scholarly resource that supports or challenges their position along with a brief explanation of the resource. Article 1 with references and article 2 with its resources. EACH SHOULD BEA PARAGRAPH OR MORE WITH REFERENCES
1) According to Dr. Richard Bentall,” all psychotherapies are effective”, regardless of the kind, and the available evidence attests to that, (Laureate Education, 2015f). According to the video, people who undergo therapies do much better than those who do not, though others might not respond to therapy, just like anything else. Psychotherapy makes use of talking as a way of helping people with diverse mental illnesses and emotional problems. Psychotherapy is said to have a biological basis in that it facilitates healing through the connectivity of the nurse-patient relationship, by showing empathy, care, presence and honesty which are active ingredients in therapeutic change, (Wheeler, 2014). As indicated by Holttum, 2014, severe stresses and adversities in childhood affect the brain and these can be labeled as psychotic due to how the brain and body cope with such stressors. Evidence shows that psychotherapy can positively impact the brain in recovery from such stress responses, (Wheeler, 2014).
Wheeler, 2014 further indicates that as individuals are exposed to constant stressors, they tend to react more emotionally to further stressors. There is, therefore, the suggestion that negative changes to the body’s and brain’s stress response system can be corrected by psychotherapy. Thus, psychotherapy addresses the brain in its development, maturity, and operation, making it biological.
Much as psychotherapy is effective in the management of mental illness, it is essential to consider the roles of culture, religion and socioeconomic backgrounds in its discussion. Kim, Chen & Brachfeld, (2018) reiterated that spirituality and culture are important factors playing roles in the discussion of psychotherapy as these can make a patient either embrace or resist the therapy. Culture is the worldview of any individual. It encompasses the belief system, value, language, food, dressing, and other practices. It is indeed the way of life of any group of people. As a result, the acceptance or rejection of any therapy will be influenced by the individual in question. The issue arises as to whether or not such therapy is accepted by the culture of the person. As indicated by Jacob, 2013, culture shapes the individual in his ability to function healthily and productively. In cultures where men are to be brave and not give in to ailments like depression or anxiety, it could be difficult to seek help even when one is told the therapy helps. As a nurse practitioner, it is imperative to be self-aware, open-minded and practice cultural competence to administer therapy tailored towards the individual in a way of understanding their perspective, (Wheeler, 2014).
Socioeconomic background of a person can also influence their reception or rejection of any therapy. Such background can in itself cause some mental illness such as anxiety or depression for instance poverty. The same poverty can influence someone’s accessibility to seek optimal care, thus, socioeconomic background ought to be taken into account in the discussion of one’s acceptance of psychotherapy. References
Jacob, K. (2013). Employing psychotherapy across cultures and contexts. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 35(4), 323. doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.12221
Kim, E.E., Chen, E.C., & Brachfeld, C. (2018). Patients’ experience of spirituality and change in individual psychotherapy at a Christian counseling clinic: A grounded theory analysis. Spirituality in Clinical Practice,
Laureate Education (Producer). (2015f). Therapies change and integrate different approaches over time [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Wheeler, K. (Eds.). (2014). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to guide for evidence-based practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company
2) PSYCHOTHERAPY WITH INDIVIDUALS
It is indisputable that psychotherapy has a biological basis. Clients who present for psychotherapy may be experiencing various symptoms, including impulsiveness, depression, anxiety, or addiction. These symptoms are often the result of adverse changes that have occurred in the body and the brain’s stress response systems as a result of repeated stress or trauma (Holltum, 2014). Due to the flexibility of the brain and body systems, psychotherapy can correct these systems resulting in a biological change (Holltum, 2014). With the advances of neuroimaging, scientists can evaluate changes in the brain that occur after psychotherapy (Karlsson, 2011). Cognitive-behavioral therapy, dialectic behavior therapy, and psychodynamic psychotherapy have shown to positively alter brain function in clients diagnosed with various types of mental illness including major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (Karlsson, 2011). While medication management is essential for clients who have impaired functioning, providers must consider the positive implications of psychotherapy as well.
For psychotherapy to be successful practitioners must evaluate the impact culture, religion, and socioeconomics can have on a client’s perspective of therapy. Some cultures may have different views on what constitutes mental health. Eastern cultures value interdependence, communal integration, and group harmony (Wheeler, 2014). In contrast, western cultures value autonomy, independence, and nonconformance (Wheeler, 2014). Therefore, when establishing goals with a client, it is crucial to have an open dialogue regarding the clients' culture and beliefs regarding mental health.
Religion can also impact a client’s perspective on therapy. A client’s mental health is affected by various aspects of their life, including their body, mind, emotion, spirit, and environment. When all these components are integrated, and balanced healing can be achieved (Wheeler, 2014). Therefore, it essential for providers to be aware of a client’s spiritual beliefs. Asking the client about their spirituality can help communicate to the client that the therapist is open to discussing religious material, and shows respectfulness of the client’s beliefs and values ( Post & Wade, 2009).
Just as culture, and spirituality can impact a client’s perspective on psychotherapy; socioeconomic status can also play a pivotal role in the client’s perspective. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs framework, basic needs must be met before an individual can attain elements like good self-esteem and self-actualization (Wheeler, 2014). Understanding a client’s socioeconomic status can help a nurse psychotherapist determine what interventions would be the most appropriate for a client.

References
Holttum, S. (2014). When bad things happen, our brains change, but psychotherapy and
support can help the recovery of our brains and our lives. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 18(2), 52–58. doi:10.1108/MHSI-02-2014-0006

Karlsson, H. (2011). How psychotherapy changes the brain. Psychiatric Times.
Retreived from https://www(dot)psychiatrictimes(dot)com/psychotherapy/how-psychotherapy-changes-brain.
Post, B.C. & Wade, N.G. (2009). Religion and Spirituality in Psychotherapy: A
PracticeFriendly Review of Research. Journal of Clinical Psychology. Retrieved from file:///home/chronos/u-218c8b173b5c4a13489339a1b595d20b407f36e0/MyFiles/Downloads/PostandWade2009.pdf.
Wheeler, K. (Eds.). (2014). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A
how-to guide for evidence-based practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.