Pharmacokinetics of Psychiatric Treatment Drugs: Jornay PM

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1
Figure 1.
Jornay PM® (Methylphenidate Hydrochloride)
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Note. The image was created to illustrate Jornay PM, a new drug allowing afternoon to evening dosing. From Jornay PM, an ADHD Med Dosed in the Evening, Now Available, by S. Duffy, 2019, MPR (/home/news/jornay-pm-an-adhd-med-dosed-in-the-evening-now-available/). Copyright 2019 by Ironshore Pharmaceuticals.
FDA Approved Use and Off-Label Use
According to the Food and Drug Administration (2018), Jornay PM (Methylphenidate HCl) can be prescribed in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of greater than or equal to six years old. In addition, WellRx (n.d.) revealed that this could also be prescribed off-label to patients with post-stroke or depression that are unresponsive to the classic treatment regimen.
A drug that Potentiates Methylphenidate HCl
Alter et al. (2017) studied the effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) receptor on methylphenidate HCl. The latter is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor responsible for stimulating gene regulation via the 5-HT1B serotonin receptor subtype, mimicking psychostimulatory effects of some drugs, like cocaine, resulting in addictive effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are one of the classes of drugs used to treat depression. An example of this is fluoxetine. The study revealed that SSRIs could potentiate the effect of methylphenidate HCl by enhancing gene regulation in the striatum, especially in the lateral sensorimotor areas. Furthermore, when combined, these upregulate the substances that mediate the direct pathway of the striatum, including dynorphin and substance P.
2 Explain the identified drug’s half-life.
According to the Food and Drug Administration (2018), Jornay PM (Methylphenidate HCl) can be eliminated in the system around 5.9 hours after oral administration. To be eliminated, the drug must be metabolized to α-phenyl-piperidine acetic acid (PPAA) via de-esterification. The drug can be also be used in radiolabeling via oral administration. The elimination of radiolabeled methylphenidate is via the kidneys, where ninety percent is excreted via the urinary tract. PPPA is the primary metabolite and is around eighty percent of the original dosage. It pe...