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2 pages/β‰ˆ550 words
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APA
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Health, Medicine, Nursing
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English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Differences in Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Factors Altered his or her Anticipated Response to a Drug

Essay Instructions:

The relationships between drugs and the body can be described by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body. When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharamcodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (i.e., diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease.
In this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and consider how a particular patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes altered his or her response to a drug.
Select a case from the last five years that involves a patient whose individual differences in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug. 
When referring to your patient, make sure to use a pseudonym or other false form of identification. This is to ensure the privacy and protection of the patient.
Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease. 
Finally, explain details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing factors and patient history in your case.
Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 
Scott, S. A. (2011). Personalizing medicine with clinical pharmacogenetics. Genetics in Medicine, 13(12), 987–995. Retrieved from http://www(dot)ncbi(dot)nlm(dot)nih(dot)gov/pmc/articles/PMC3290900/
Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved August 22, 2012, from http://www(dot)drugs(dot)com/

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Differences in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug
Name
Course
Instructor
Date
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
There has been growing interest in personalized medicine since patients have differences including the genomic information and family history (2011). Identifying the risk factors that worsen the situation and the individual factors interacting with the patient’s condition also need to be considered when undertaking interventions to improve health care. The administration of NovoLog (insulin aspart) ought to be individualized while giving dosage by taking into account the patient profile and characteristics. There is also a need to identify the drugs that influence the blood glucose lowering effect of the drug, as well as the drug interactions that increase the risk of hypoglycemia, when NovoLog is administered.
The administration of NovoLog, to a 58 year Caucasian old man S. suffering from diabetes type 1 the drug is administer to mimic the effects of insulin. There are differences related to the patient’s features that influence the effectiveness of NovoLog. The insulin aspart is administered 5- 10 minutes before a meal through injections. The therapeutic effect of NovoLog is to lower the glucose level, since it binds to the insulin receptors, while increasing cellular glucose uptake, but inhibiting the glucose output from the liver. The factors considered in pharmacotherapy of the patient, are the age, weight, history of diabetes and hepatic metabolism.
The patient has a BMI of 26, and the administration of NovoLog took a longer time to be absorbed compared to a younger healthier patient 39 years of age. NovoLog is absorbed faster by the body compared to human insulin. Nonetheless, the pharmacokinetic parameters of Cmax/ AUC are largely unaffected by the weight levels. The administration of NovoLog was 0.5 U/ kg/ per day as recommended (Drugs.com, 2015). The serum insulin concentration took more time. Typically, NovoLog is also eliminated from the body faster than human ...
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