Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing

Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing Date: It is evident from the signs and symptoms that Carlton may be undergoing normal acute inflammation process. The warmth and erythema are as a result of vasodilation. There is increased permeability of the vessels and the rate of movement of the exudates towards the surrounding tissues is also high (Janssen & Henson, 2011). Pain or sensation is as a result of swelling or engorgement of fluid at that area. The swollen fluid increases pressure which causes pain. The vascular phase of acute inflammation is characterized by changes in the small blood vessels at the site of injury. It begins with momentary vasoconstriction followed rapidly by vasodilation. Vasodilation involves the arterioles and venules with a resultant increase in capillary blood flow, causing heat and redness, which are two of the cardinal sign of inflammation (Janssen & Henson, 2011). This is accompanied by an increase in vascular permeability with outpouring of protein rich fluid (exudate) into the extravascular spaces. The loss of proteins reduces the capillary osmotic pressure and increases the interstitial osmotic pressure. This, coupled with an increase in capillary pressure, causes a marked outflow of fluid and its accumulation in the tissue spaces, producing the swelling, pain, and impaired function that represent the other cardinal signs of acute inflammation. As fluid moves out of the vessels, stagnation of flow and clotting of blood occur. This aids in localizing the spread of infectious microorganism (Grossman & Porth, 2014, p. 308-011). Whenever an injury to the tissue occurs, acute inflammation takes place almost immediately. Events that result in trauma or burns, as well as sepsis and major surgeries, are all major contributors to inflammation. As initially stated, acute inflammation is typified by three events in the body physiology. These are vasodilation, second is the neutrophil infiltration, and finally, there is the fluid exudation. These three processes are initiated and strictly controlled by a homeostatic mechanism governed by intra and extracellular factors. It is the first defense the body has against injury. The characteristic of acute inflammation is microcirculation. This is a condition where leukocytes emigrate and fluid exudates to the injured parts from the blood vessels. This kind of self-defense occurs for a short period before the establishment of the immune response. Its primary goal is to deal with the injury agent. There are five cardinal signs of acute inflammation; increased heat (calor), swelling (tumor), redness (rubor), loss of function (function laesa) and pain (dolor), (Janssen & Henson, 2011). There is an increase in the level of blood flow towards the area of inflammation which leads to heat. The accumulation of the fluid results in swelling. In the process, chemicals are released towards the nerve endings which lead to pain. Several factors combine leading to the loss of function. The inflammation response that occurs in the internal organs or visceral inflammation is not quite different from the acute inflammatory response. Pathophysiologically, there is no change in temperature. Such is because, at any cost, the temperature must be maintained at the home...