Health Theory Pamplet. Health, Medicine, Nursing Essay

Smoking Cessation Using Transtheoretical Model
Background of Health Issue
One of the main health challenges facing the global community is smoking. Smoking results in deaths of over five million people annually and the continuity of the current trend would see the number grow to eight million by 2030 (Fidanci, Ozturk, & Mustafa, 2017). In the U.S. about 40 million adults smoke cigarettes with about half a million people dying every year due to smoking or second-hand exposure (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). Smoking is also associated with major diseases such as cancer, diabetes, strong, and lung diseases that contribute significantly to escalating healthcare costs. A smoking cessation intervention can be integral in reducing the dire consequence of human behavior.
Intervention Using Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
A theory that facilitates the smoking cessation intervention is the transtheoretical model (TTM) developed by James Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente in 1982 (Fidanci, Ozturk, & Mustafa, 2017). There are five stages that one goes through as they change behavior to a positive one. An evaluation of the person in each stage is necessary so that they can move to the next one. As pointed out by Lee, Park, and Min (2015), providing intervention based on the individual’s stage of change can help maximize the effect. The progression of behavior change can be linear or spiral and it thus possible for an individual to go back to the previous stage. The five stages below describe how the theory can help in smoking cessation.
1. Precontemplation
In this first stage, the individual does not intend to change behavior in the next six months. Either they are unaware of the risks associated with smoking or they do not care (Fidanci, Ozturk, & Mustafa, 2017). In most cases, the person does not like receiving information that would initiate behavior change, and the pressure of people cl...