Bone Diseases: Sign and Symptoms

Bone Diseases
Name
Course
Instructor
Institution
Date
Using an appropriate graphic organizer:Distinguish osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and osteoarthritis based on signs and symptoms. Compare their pathophysiology, etiology, manifestations, possible complications, and treatments.
Bone Diseases

Osteoporosis

Osteomalacia

Rheumatoid arthritis

Gout

Osteoarthritis

Signs and symptoms

Fewer trabeculae and thinner
Decreased bone mass
Fragile bones

 Bones fracture easily
Muscle weakness

Inflammation and pain in the joints can be a sign of rheumatoid arthritis
Damage to cartilage, bones, tendons and ligaments of the joints
Progressive joint deformity
Reduction of joint mobility
Morning stiffness

Gout results from the formation of crystals of a uric acid salt or monosodium
urate (MSU) in the tissues, most frequently in the joints.
Pain in any joint of the foot.

Joint pain, stiffness, and locomotor restriction
Joint stiffness
Joint tenderness
Loss of flexibility
Bone spurs and swelling

 

 





Pathophysiology

The risk factors associated with osteoporosis are genetic, intrinsic, and life style factors contributing. There are also endocrine mechanisms such as estrogen deficiency and vitamin D deficiency, are risk factors in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
The goal of osteoporosis treatment is to reduce the number of fragility fractures.

Softening of bone Mineralization break down
Inadequate and delayed mineralization of osteoid in
mature compact and spongy bone (Huether & McCance, 2015).

Joint inflammation and damage to the surrounding bones, ligaments, and tendons.
Progressive deformity of the joints and the reduction of joint mobility
The body's immune system attacks tissues including joints and healthy cells.

Deposition of sodium urate crystals in the tissues, causes pain

Breakdown of the protective cartilage causing bones to wear down
Osteoarthritis affects joints in the hands, thumbs, knees, hips and sometimes the spine.

Etiology

 
Low calcium
Estrogen deficiency
Reduced bone mass and quality.
Risk increases with age (menopausal bone loss)
Fractures
In patients with osteoporosis the bones they become thinner and fragile and less resistant to trauma, fracturing easily. The most frequent locations of osteoporotic fractures are the wrist, hip and vertebrae.

Inadequate vitamin D

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the risk increases as people age. Both genetic and environmental factors affect the risk of the diseases.
The risk increases among women when estrogen ...