Assignment 1: Application Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

Assignment 1: Application
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Assignment 1: Application
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is considered to be among the leading causes of death among older women. Statistically, postmenopausal women have a higher risk of suffering CVD and dying from it (Perk et al., 2012). Women with coronary heart disease are likely to suffer pain in their backs, jaws, arms, and they normally feel fatigued and nauseous. CVD is discovered earlier in men than in women. When a woman and a man contact the disease, it takes approximately ten more years for the disease to be discovered in the woman after it has been discovered in the man.
Traditionally, the risk factors for women include age, diabetes mellitus, family history, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, and hypertension. Older women, those that have gone through menopause, have a higher risk of suffering hypertension than men. The article identifies the first model used for assessment of CHD risk as Framingham Risk Score (FRS) (Ridker & Cook, 2013). FRS has been modified over the years to heart failure and “symptomatic peripheral arterial disease”. The model is still blamed for underestimating the risks in women. Reynolds Risk Score (RRS) is also used to assess CVD according to the article. RRS is preferred for women because it is deemed to be more accurate in predicting CVD risk for women with “chronic inflammatory disease”.
According to Kurth et. al (2016), CVD risks are classified into three categories in women. The categories include: ideal cardiovascular, at risks, and high risk. Ideal cardiovascular have cholesterol level lower than 200mg/dl. They tend to live a relatively healthy life, full of exercises and never face the risks of CVD. The women here never smoke and have good sugar levels. At risk women are those that smoke, have poor diet, never exercise and have a family history of CVD. These women are prone to the risk of CVD and should make the effort of seeking medication. High risk women have clinically manifested CVD. Normally, they clinically show signs of cerebroscular disease, “peripheral arterial disease”, and some of them have diabetes mellitus. The article alludes to the fact that no s...