Antibiotics. Health, Medicine, Nursing Assignment.

Antibiotics
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Antibiotics are powerful life-saving drugs that have transformed modern medicine since the invention of penicillin. They function by disrupting vital structures or processes in the cell of bacteria. They either slow down their growth or kill the bacterium. However, the effectiveness of antibiotics is rapidly getting eroded by the resistance of bacteria.
The increase of antibiotic resistance has become a primary concern in the medical industry. Today, many people are infected with different bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics each year. According to a report by a UN committee, approximately 700 000 people across the globe die as a result of antimicrobial resistance.
There is a need to develop a model of effective antibiotic to aid researchers and the relevant stakeholders in choosing the right lead compounds. The availability of effective antibiotics can increase life expectancy in developed and developing nations alike. The following characteristics can help in developing an effective antibiotic:
Inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria without harming beneficial microbes
Antibiotics can either have a broad or narrow spectrum of coverage. Antibiotic agents with a narrow spectrum are specific and are only effective against certain strains or groups of bacteria. They can act against Gram-negative only or Gram-positive pathogens. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are active against a wider array of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. However, antibiotics with a broad spectrum often kill many healthy microorganisms in the body leading to re-infections.
Antibacterial agents with narrow-spectrum may be a better alternative. Antibiotics with a narrow spectrum would cause less bacterial-resistance as they will only target a specific bacteria. However, the use of narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agents requires quick and accurate identification of a pathogenic bacterium beforehand. The development of proper diagnostic tools with the necessary speed and sensitivity to ...