Chronic Disease Health Promotion and Maintenance for adults age 35–65

Chronic Disease Health Promotion and Maintenance for adults age 35–65
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Chronic Disease Health Promotion and Maintenance for adults age 35–65
Heart failure is one of such chronic illness that requires collaborative and comprehensive care. Chronic heart failure is defined as a progressive and debilitating disease. The management of a patient with chronic disease from hearth failure demands non-pharmacologic, pharmacologic, and invasive procedures, depending on the context and the necessity of the intervention. Interventions in chronic heart failure intend to promote and restore the quality of life.
Chronic heart failure (CHF) requires evidenced-based management. The evidenced-based intervention has been associated with long-term survival in patients with heart failure, but there are unintended consequences regarding increased longevity (Alpert et al., 2017). The unwanted consequence revolves around the increasing burden of symptoms. It is not only typical symptoms like dyspnea and edema, which patients with HF suffer from, but also other symptoms that include pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal disturbances, and depression, and this symptom when untreated impacts negatively in the quality of life. The HF symptoms account for hospitalizations, emergency departments’ visitation, morbidities, and mortalities.
Chronic heart failure management is approached from two fundamental strategies, i.e., comprehensive symptom assessment and adequate knowledge about the available interventions of mitigating the symptom (Alpert et al., 2017). CHF management is addressed holistically, where it is not only about physical treatment but also must extend to include emotional, social, and spiritual interventions.
Healthcare providers should strive to educate patients on symptom recognition and subtle changes. Significant involvement of the patient should be encouraged in symptom recognition, and the patient’s symptom diary can aid the patient track any changes. The older or senior patients with existing comorbidities may express declining cognitive dysfunction, which makes them fail in the interpretation of symptoms; this may require more family involvement that is combined with more clinical engagements to identify nonverbal cues associated with suffering (Alpert et al., 2017).
Various tools are designed for assessment. One example of the assessment tool is the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), which is effective and efficient: ESAS is composed of ten-question symptomatic evaluation to assess the level of distress associated with pain, nausea, fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleepiness, dyspnea, appetite, anxiety, and any other symptom on a scale of 1-10. Another example is the measurement of the severity of the disease biomarkers, e.g., B-type natriuretic peptide) and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), to establish the diagnosis and prognosis (Yancy et al., 2017)
Pain is troublesome in CHF patients. Pain contributes to suffering, and this requires urgent improvement. Patients with pain show lower medication adherence, worse self-care, and are more likely to get depression and anxiety, leading sleeplessness, anxiety, fear, declined cognitive fun...