Cutting-Edge Research and Technology” Engineering Essay

Cutting-Edge Research and Technology
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Cutting-Edge Research and Technology
Introduction
Immunotherapy is a form of cancer medication mechanism that strengthens the general defense mechanism of the body to fight cancer. Immunotherapy, also called biological therapy uses substances of the body or from laboratory to boost the immune system. The process works by either slowing or completely stopping the multiplication of cancer cells. Immunotherapy prevents cancer cells from conquering other regions of the human physique (Ophir, Bobisse, Coukos, Harari & Kandalaft, 2016). Besides, it helps the protective system to destroy cancer cells to restore regular body activities. Immunotherapy is a common type of treatment used by many healthcare facilities to elongate the lifetime of the patients.
Cancer problems have become a new issue in the world, causing many deaths of human beings. Immunotherapy has many benefits to some of the patients having cancer problems. However, despite the benefits this treatment mechanism has to the world, it also has adverse effects to the patients administered with this type of treatment. This study will focus on the harmful effects of biological therapy. It will help in understanding the advantages and disadvantages of this mechanism to cancer patients. Furthermore, the study will focus on commercial activities in the field of immunotherapy.
Background
William B. Colley is the founder of immunotherapy, as he attempted the treating mechanism at the end of the 19th century. Nowadays, he is the founding father of immunotherapy that plays a major in saving the lives of many patients with cancer difficulties. He began a treatment plan by injecting active components as well as inactivated Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens into tumors of the patient in 1891. Coley achieved the intended goal of reducing the toxicity of cancer diseases. However, Coley approach led to various arrays of toxins and patients suffered a risk of infection with pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it led to an adoption of surgery and radiotherapy as proper standards of treating cancer in the 20th century. Immunotherapy idea came into existence in 1957 when Thomas and Burnet suggested the immunosurveillance theory of disease. It laid the foundation of immunotherapy treatment in the healthcare facilities and various research centers up to now.
Types of immunotherapy
Immunotherapy consists of various kinds used in the treatment of cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the type where drug block immune checkpoints. The checkpoints include of standard regions of the immune conformity that prevents the protective system from being extremely powerful. The drugs enable the immune cells of the body to respond to cancer cells appropriately due to blockage. They help in the treatment of melanoma, bladder cancer, and kidney cancer. T-cell transfer therapy empowers the natural capacity of T cells in the body to struggle against cancer problem. It is a type of treatment where immune cells come from the tumor. It selects the cells that are active in the fighting of cancer to reduce the adverse effects of cancer cells. The body acquires these cells through a needle of a vein due to ...