Reflective Reading

Reflective reading
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In a globalized world, there is increased migration of people who do not conform to gender norms including sex workers whose gender is not in the typical binary gender system. Societies value masculine characteristics such as independence and power than feminine characteristics, and this is partly based on gender expectations (Tickner, 2004). Globalization has disempowered women who get disproportionately affected by negative economic effects in societies where sexual identity and gender influence their treatment. In a gendered political economy, some of the sex workers still seek work in the underground commercial sex economy.
Commercial sex work and homosexuality are stigmatized more in non-western societies, and this partly explains the desire of sexual minorities to migrate to North America and Western Europe. Vogel (2009), pointed out that Venezuelan ‘transformistas’ or trans sex workers migrate to Europe to earn money and transform their bodies to be more feminine, but also come from a society where they are marginalized and are considered male homosexuals. The classification of gender and sexual identity in Western societies differs from that o...