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1 page/≈275 words
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Style:
APA
Subject:
Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Type:
Essay
Language:
English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Cell Biology: Reproduction And Growth Of Bacteria

Essay Instructions:

Cell Biology
The discovery of the antibiotic Penicillin in the 1920s made a big impact on human history. Not only did it provide a cure for bacterial infections that were once deadly, but it also led to a golden age in discovery of new antibiotics. The great benefit of these drugs is that antibiotics inhibit the growth of bacterial cells or kill them outright, and yet, on the whole, do not harm eukaryotic cells.
Answer BOTH of the following questions:
Given the following list of antibiotics and their targets, explain how each stops bacteria without harming human cells. Base your analyses on the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Considering the targets of these antibiotics, explain why antibiotics in general would not be useful for treating a viral infection.
Antibiotic
Target
Penicillin
Blocks cell wall synthesis
Tetracycline
Blocks protein synthesis by binding to the 30S Unit of the ribosome
Chloramphenicol
Blocks protein synthesis by binding to the 50S Unit of the ribosome
Sulfonamides
Inhibit folic acid synthesis
Vancomycin
Blocks cross-linking of the peptidoglycan in the cell wall
Read this to enhance your understanding of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: How do antibiotics kill bacterial cells but not human cells?
See a comparison of bacterial and viral features here: Differences between bacteria and viruses.
Follow these guidelines for your paper:
Utilize at least 1 credible source to support the arguments presented in the paper. Make sure you cite appropriately within your paper, and list the reference(s) in APA format on your Reference page.
Your paper should be 1–2 pages in length, not counting the Title page and Reference page.
References
Mobley, H. (2018). How do antibiotics kill bacterial cells but not human cells? Retrieved from: https://www(dot)scientificamerican(dot)com/article/how-do-antibiotics-kill-b/
Aryal, S. (2015). Differences between bacteria and viruses. Retrieved from: https://microbiologyinfo(dot)com/differences-between-bacteria-and-viruses/

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Cell Biology
Name
Institution
Cell Biology
Antibiotics are drugs that function mostly to kill or prevent the reproduction and growth of bacteria. They can cause adverse effects to the body like nausea, diarrhea and stomach bloats tolerated by human beings. Antibiotics present themselves in the form of tablets, injections, and creams. A person is Eukaryotic if their cells are either single or multiple and membrane-bound organelles with the nucleus. Examples are human beings, insects, fungi and plants. Conversely, prokaryotic lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelle like bacteria and archaea.
Penicillin is the first antibiotic discovered in early 1920 and treated most of the bacterial infections. Penicillin does not prevent human biological processes (Mobley, 2018). It helps to treat them by slowing down the cell wall synthesis made of macromolecule called peptidoglycan to link up and burst thus preventing further growth of the bacteria (Mobley, 2018). Penicillin discovery was a critical medical discovery that marked subsequent successes in medicine.
Tetracycline is an antibiotic that prevents protein synthesis by linking to the 30S Unit of the ribosome. Tetracycline passes through the bacteria membrane in higher concentrations to its cytoplasm and attaches to the 30S ribosomal subunit preventing RNA interaction, shutting off protein chain from prolongi...
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