Depicting the Deep and Surface Structure of Wh-questions using the X-bar Trees

The chapter u need is here: https://ecampusontario(dot)pressbooks(dot)pub/essentialsoflinguistics/chapter/9-3-events-participants-and-thematic-roles/
Answer the questions and save in PDF

Your job is to complete this assignment individually. If you consult with your classmates to help each other think about the assignment, list their names at the bottom of your assignment. When you upload your assignment to the submissions folder, you are declaring that the work is your own. Submit Assignment 2 as a PDF file by 11:59 pm on Tuesday March 31. If your assignment is not a PDF file, Avenue can't display it correctly, and the TAs won't be able to grade it. That means that if you don't save it in the right file format, you won't earn the points! How to save documents in pdf format If you want to try using software to draw your tree diagrams, there are some options listed in "Useful Tools for Doing Linguistics" in the Content Menu. If you choose to draw the tree diagrams by hand, you'll get the best results by drawing them in black ink on white paper, then using the library photocopiers to scan your page and save it as a pdf. If you choose to insert photos instead, make sure to take your photo in a well-lit space, and check your document for readability before submitting it. If the TAs can't read your assignment, they can't grade it! Intended Learning Outcomes for this Assignment: use X-bar trees to depict the Deep and Surface Structure of wh-questions recognize the relationship between syntactic structure and sentence meaning consider the semantics of the participants in events described by sentences Question 1 (14 points) The sentence, "Why do you think they cancelled the concert?" is ambiguous -- it could be asking two different questions. a. Give two different answers to the question -- one that illustrates each of the two possible meanings. (2 points) b. Draw two different tree diagrams to represent the two meanings of the question. Each tree should represent both the Deep Structure and Surface Structure of the question. (6 points per tree for a total of 12) Question 2 (16 points) The following sentences are taken from Margery Allingham's The Fashion in Shrouds which is in the public domain in Canada. For each NP/DP, identify its thematic role. Are there any NPs or DPs for which the six thematic role labels from Chapter 9 don't seem appropriate? If so, what label would you suggest instead? She threw open a door which faced them and he looked into a vast attic where solid feltcovered tables made a mighty horseshoe. Val was preoccupied at the moment with two waiters who had arrived with the luncheon from the giant hotel next door. Mr Campion tramped through pale golden pile and was confronted at last by a vivid group of very human people. Georgia shuddered. Campion felt the involuntary movement and was puzzled. She sat looking at them and her eyes slowly filled with tears. Question 3 (10 points) Think about the category of things that can be labelled as games. a. Think up some things that are members of the category games. Make a list of at least twelve words that refer to things that are games and rank them in order of most prototypical to most peripheral category members. (6 points) b. Discuss, briefly, what features make something a prototypical game. What features do the peripheral members have or not have that makes them less prototypical? (4 points) N.B. This is not a question that has exactly one right answer! Your answers will vary a lot from each other depending on your experience and your culture. That's part of what makes this an interesting question! STOP: Did you save your assignment in PDF format before uploading it?