Introduction to Ethics: Take Home Examination

Introduction to Ethics: Take Home Examination
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Introduction to Ethics: Take Home Examination
Number One.
Describe the difference between Ontology and Epistemology
Ontology is the study of existence as the science of the root of causes of being while Epistemology is the study of knowledge and justified belief as the science of the root causes of knowledge.
Examples of questions asked in each field of study
The questions asked in Ontology are:
* What things exist?
* What categories do the existing things belong?
* Does objective reality exist?
* What does the verb “to be” mean?
The questions asked in Epistemology are:
* How can we know whether souls exist?
* Can human beings know whether there is a God?
* What are the necessary and sufficient conditions of knowledge?
* What are the limits and structure of knowledge?
Explain their involvement in ethics.
Ethics involves the determination of what is good and bad, and right and wrong. The discipline concerns itself with the matters that ontology and epistemology deal with. Ethics applies the principles studies within the discipline to practical moral problems present in the study of ontology and epistemology. By the application of knowledge described by ethics, one can address what exists and how we know what we know.
Number Two.
Describe the relationship between Ethics and Science
Science does not inform ethics but assists in the pragmatic application of decisions according to laid down ethics. Science suggests what is real by ordering and optimizing the observation so it does not tell us what we should do. The relationship is unidirectional such that the set of ethical possibilities is applied so that the sifted set of experimental actions available to scientific investigation are reduced before any observational validation allows them to be correlated with the possibilities presented by hypotheses.
Define the naturalistic fallacy and its relation to the two fields of study.
The naturalistic fallacy if the fallacy of treating the term “good” or any term with equal meaning as if it were the name of the natural property.
The relationship between science and ethics in science and ethics enable a person to differentiate between reality and the notions one may have about a subject because of the tendencies of natural fallacy.
Number Three.
Explain psychological egoism.
This is the thesis that deep down, people are motivated by what each person perceives to be in their self-interest even when they commit acts of altruism.
Describe its criticisms.
A person’s altruistic acts are motivated ultimately by the goal to benefit oneself, whether the person is aware or not. It may be possible to confuse the satisfaction of one’s desires with the satisfaction of their self-regarding desires because sometimes one can achieve personal satisfaction through the satisfaction of the person’s neighbor. The conclusion is that the desires for the well-being of others are derived from self-interest.
Do you agree or not?
I agree.
Anyone will opt to be socially correct and do what is expected, or do something because he or she will ga...