US Law Enforcement

U.S Law Enforcement
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U.S Law Enforcement
Social Contract
John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau described social contract in different ways. Thomas Hobbes defined social contract as an idea of self-preservation and self-protection that forms part of man’s inherent nature. For men to achieve self-preservation and self-protection, humans voluntarily surrender all their right and freedom to some authority (Gough, 1936).
According to Thomas Hobbes, man constantly lives in fear, in a state of solitary, selfishness, poor and brutish, meaning that man has a natural desire for security to avoid pain and misery. A man is forced to give his rights through social contract to the mightiest authority who is obliged to protect and preserve man’s life and property. Social contract has resulted to the emergence of institutions of monarch and rulers (Gough, 1936).
John Locke‘s theory of social contract is that man lived in a state of nature, Locke view of state of nature is that it is enjoyable and good, but his properties are not secured. Man’s state of nature according to Locke is the need to protect his property, therefore men has no choice but to enter into social contract. Under this contract, man did not surrender all his rights instead, he retained certain right to life liberty and estate .According Locke these were some right considered natural (Gough, 1936). According to Rousseau, social contract is more of a hypothetical contraction of reasoning. Before civilization, the life and the state of nature were equal among men (Gough, 1936). Through social contract the new form of social organization emerged as the state of nature was formed to assure and guarantee men his rights, freedom, and equality. Rousseau’s theory of general will, state and law were as a result of the general will of the people, meaning that state laws are established by men, if the government and the laws do not reflect the general will they need to be discarded (Gough, 1936).
Federalism and the Three Levels of Policing In the United States
Federalism is one of the leadership systems based on democratic rules and institutions where governing powers are shared between the nations and state governments hence being referred to as a Federation (Elazar, 1987). The federal system has the ability to contain local issues and promotes democracy at the same time through a decentralized process. Federalism in the US can be described as the constitutional relationship that exists between the US state government and the federal government. The US Constitution gives the federal government powers on national issues. While the state government has the jurisdiction over domestic issues, this means that the federal government can enact laws governing the whole country (Elazar, 1987).
The three levels of policing in the United States include the criminal justice system, the courts and correction systems .Each components operates semi-independently but the three collectively work together in administering justice .The justice system includes government police agencies that investigate and make referral to courts while suspects are temporarily detained pending judicial action (Elazar, 1987).
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