Influence of the Second Great Awakening on Social Reform Movements

Analyze the influence of the Second Great Awakening on social reform movements, including educational reform.
Smith, S. J. (2020). Windows into the history and philosophy of education. Kendall Hunt.
The following is a transcript from a video that discusses Chapter 10 of the book above and addresses the topic of the discussion:
Remember, remember, remember, remember, remember, remember, remember. When we look into the window of the common school movement, we obviously see Horace Mann, who's credited as being the father of the common school movement. But he didn't just step out on the stage and convince everyone right away to have common schools. There was, there were movements already happening. Some of those movements were connected to revivalist movements, the Great Awakening, The Second Great Awakening. This sense that we needed to improve society and education is one way to do that. And also with many emigrants coming and the abolition movement, that there was this awareness that a very diverse population of people should be educated to, to make sure they were all educated to be good citizens, to vote for representatives for them. And we have to acknowledge that that took a long time for everyone truly to be educated. There was inequity at first. There were movements to, to educate poor people in the cities, poor children who are working in factories. The Sunday School Movement was one of those sunday school move. The movement didn't began just to teach the Bible. Children working in factories six days a week. They were going to church on Sunday to learn to read. There is also movement called the monitorial schools, where children in the urban centers were brought together in large groups where children were helping to teach other children. They may have been the older students, the more advanced in their skills. But one teacher would teach the monitor and then monitor or teach a whole row of students. So those were efforts towards mass education that helps set the stage for Horace Mann. Let's take a look at Horace Mann's lens. What were the beliefs driving him? He was a Unitarian. Unitarians were very reform minded. He was a utopian, meaning that he did see that through human effort, we could come to a perfect society if we just did the right things. He saw education as the redemption of society. He believed it was the great equalizer. His metaphor was that was the balance wheel. He said, if we educate everyone, our prisons would be empty. We'll see an endocrine. If we educate, everyone, will see an end to poverty and inequity and injustice in society. If Horace Mann were alive today, he'd be very pleased to see that in the United States, we educate a higher percentage of our population than any other country on the planet. But it'd be disappointed. I also see that we incarcerate a higher percentage of our population than any other country. As you look into the mirror to reflect on what you believe. Consider this quote by Horace Mann. He said, be afraid to die until you've won some victory for humanity. So you've chosen the field of education. How is it through this tool that you're going to win a victory for humanity.