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The Land of Open Graves Summary

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Anthro 3AC
Introduction to Sociocultural Anthropology (American Cultures)
Fall 2020
Critical Response to Jason de León’s The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on the Migrant
Please note that this assignment must be done individually, without consulting otherstudents. GSIs will be instructed not to address specific student questions that would aid inwriting answers to the prompt, since the time given for the completion of this assignment, itsshort length, and your access to course readings should grant you sufficient support to do thework on your own. If there is any confusion or uncertainty about the prompts, please post themon Piazza, so that the professor’s answer can benefit all the students in the class.Please don’t forget to write and sign the honor pledge—a statement that you have abided bythe academic code of conduct, and that your paper is the product of your own original work,and yours alone--on this assignment.
In this assignment, you are asked to answer 5 prompts about aspects of de León’s book. Yourresponse should average 250 words in length per answer, or 1,250 words total.1) According to Jason de León, “The Prevention Through Deterrence strategy has created asetting in which the Border Patrol can draw on the agency of animals and othernonhumans to do its dirty work while simultaneously absolving itself of any blameconnected to migrant injuries or loss of life” (p. 43). What is “Prevention ThroughDeterrence,” and in what ways does it “draw on the agency of other nonhumans” tosupport the Border Patrol? In answering this question, be sure to define ‘hybrid collectif’and give at least one concrete example of nonhuman agency presented by de León, withspecific page references from the book.2) Define “necroviolence” and “necropolitics.” Are these concepts related?3) When Jason de León accompanies Memo and Lucho to the tunnel where they begintheir most recent attempt at border-crossing into the United States, he writes that“watching [them] leave is not exciting, nor is it an inspiring anthropological fieldmoment. It makes me feel worthless and afraid for them.” (p. 153). Find anotherinstance in the book in which the anthropologist writes critically about moments whenhe faced difficult choices, or ethical challenges, and analyze it.4) What is the role of humor among prospective border-crossers, according to Jason deLeón? In answering, please make reference to and analyze at least one joke/storyrelated to de Leon by one of his interlocutors.5) “The erasure of a body also prevents the necessary funeral rites associated withmourning from taking place,” writes Jason de León (p. 71). Why? How does theimpossibility of mourning that the author describe

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Critical Response to Jason De León's The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on The Migrant Trail
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Critical Response to Jason De León's The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on The Migrant Trail
Question 1
Prevention Through Deterrence refers to a set of policies the United States enforced intending to curb illegal crossing through Mexico's southern border. Illegal immigrants are a nuisance to every country but how the US dealt with the situation raises more concern, as Jason De Leon explains in his book The Land of Open Graves. The US took advantage of the Sonoran Desert's desert situation to enforce the policies of Prevention Through Deterrence through The Hybrid Collectif. In his book, De Leon (2015) nicknamed The Hybrid Collectif, the network of human and non-human actants that prevent the migrants from attempting to cross the border by facilitating deaths and disappearance of the migrants. The non-human actants refer to the devastating desert conditions that include the scorching heat, the scavenging animals, robbers, and smugglers.
On pages 49 and 50, De Leon describes one non-human agency in the form of a mountain and a canyon that gives them stress crossing over the border. Javier and his group climbed up an unfamiliar mountain because they did not have a map. Leon says this mountain is Pajarito. Javier and his group still had to climb three more mountains before arriving at a haven where they would be picked up. This did not happen as the situation worsened, and one of their men trips, and a gallon of water he was holding falls down the canyon (50). Smugglers also interfere with their journey forcing them to halt their journey to cross the border.
Question 2
Necroviolence refers to the mistreatment of bodies of migrants crossing the Mexico-US border. Leon uses pigs to describe necroviolence, where pigs are subjected to dire mistreatment before they die. The experiment was meant to highlight the hidden system of sociopolitical injustices (64). Necropolitics, on the other hand, describes the use of political and social power to dictate how people die or live. Several lives were lost in the desert and elsewhere through the policy of Prevention through Deterrence (66).
The two concepts are related in several ways but primarily because they determine how people live or die. The Deterrence policy the US government used inflicted a lot of suffering to the immigrants in the deserts. Most of them died in devastating conditions to be recognized or even collected for proper burials. This is necropolitics because the US government used social and political powers to decide the immigrants' fate in the desert. Necroviolnce equally deals with mistreatment of the bodies of the migrants hence deciding their fate. The concepts put a country's sovereignty in jeopardy as people cannot set their limitations because of political interference. People are not sovereign even from their bodies. The concepts snatch liberty from individuals.
Question 3
Jason De Leon faced a challenging situation when he was planning to meet Maricela's family for the project he was undertaking writing the book. He says that he had tried to put himself in the family's shoes a...
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