Math Research Project Math 30-2 Project Mathematics Coursework

Math 30-2 Research Project
Part 2: Crude oil by rail
Fill in the blanks with 5-8 statistics/numbers/facts that you thought were important to know in deciding how safe it is to transport crude oil by rail. For each bullet, cite the website you got it from! Make sure at least 1-2 bullets include a number or figure.
* The average spill in volume litres of crude oil in transit was 12,259 via pipelines compared to 70,000 through trains, but still higher than trucks at 3,620 litres (Global News, 2014).
* Approximately a third of the dangerous goods accidents on rail or road were the transportation of crude oil involved in the period January 1, 2006 and June 30, 2013 (Global News, 2014).
* In 2014 train derailment Lac-Megantic and Plaster Rock, NB have influenced call for change in the transportation of crude oil across Canada (Global News, 2014).
* In February 2018, Alberta produced approximately 3.4 million barrels of oil per day and on average, Canada shipped 134,100 barrels of oil per day to the United States using trains (The Narwhal, 2018).
* In the past five years, there was an energy boom in the US and Canada, but because of pipeline capacity constraints there has been increased use of rail transport in crude oil shipping (The Forbes, 2014).
* On June 6, 2013 a runaway train derailed in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec spilled fuel and exploded killed 47 people in a community when community of 5,600 lived (The New York Time, 2019).
* On paper, the disaster resulted in changes in how dangerous products are transported in trains, where the transporters are required to reroute shipments when shipping in urban areas (The New York Times, 2019).
Part 3: Crude oil by pipeline & tanker
Fill in the blank with 3-5 statistics, numbers, and/or facts that you thought were important to know in deciding how safe it is to transport oil by pipeline. For each bullet, cite the website you got it from. Make sure at least 1-2 bullets include a number or figure.
* Pipelines are 2.5 safer than using rail transport when considering the risk of oil spills (Calgary Herald).
* When considering the total volume of crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas transported in Canada, pipelines ship more of these products when compared to other modes of transportation combined (The Forbes, 2014).
* Despite rail and pipeline capacity limitations in North America, there has been more focus on pipeline capacity expansions when compared to rail transport (The Narwhal, 2018).
* Trans Mountain temporally halted plans to expand the Trans Mountain pipeline that would increase oil shipment from 300,000 barrels per day (bpd) to 890,000 barrels per day because of ongoing lawsuits and legal challenges against the pipeline (Global News, 2018).
* Tankers move approximately 80,000 million tonnes of oil on Canada’s shores and ports in East coast and West coast help to transport the crude oil and petroleum products (Government of Canada, 2016)
* The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil tank spill is one of the largest where 1 million gallons of crude oil spilled into Alaska's Prince William Sound affecting some of the most pristine and remote shoreline in the US (CNN, 2014).
* The extent of damage on the coasta...