Protection of Human Subjects in Research

Coursework Instructions:

1. Problem Statement/Purpose Statement

a. What is the complete Title of the research experiment that you sele:ctedin the Select a Study assignment in Module 2? [It must be one of the options specified for the assignment - do NOT find your own article, as your paper will not be acceptedl

The Effects of Large Financial Incentives for Long-Term Smoking Cessation.

b. Provide a properly formatted reference (APA format) for the article:

Etter, J. F., & Schmid, F. (2016). Effects of large financial incentives for long-term smoking cessation: a randomized trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 68(8), T785.

Vlaev, I., King, D., Darzi, A., & Dolan, P. (2019). Changing health behaviors using financial incentives: a review from behavioral economics. BMC public health, 19( l), 1-9.

p. Follow the same five criteria directions you did in the Module 1"Problems Everywhere" discussion forum and write a problem statement for this researc xperiment. (Hint: citations and references needed; use the readings to form/guide/support your responses throughout this paper).

6. Protection of Human Subjects in Research
a. Do the researchers indicate that they took steps to protect the human subjects that were a part of their study? Identify what steps they took and how they describe their application to their research study. Explain why this is necessary/required (I need to "hear" that you understand the meaning,importance and ethical necessity of these measures in your response).

7. Population,Sample, and Setting
Important Note: No matter what the researchers themselves tell you, do not be fooled into thinking that the sample is the population! This is a common misconception in research studies! Remember, the population is the complete set of persons or things possessing the characteristics that the researchers want to study/want to infer their results to. At the end of the study (in the Discussion, Implications, Limitations sections) researchers discuss who their results are being inferred to or generalized to: For example, all smokers? All overweight teenagers. These are often much different from the limited group they sampled:i.e., a military base, hospitals in another country, etc. It is a very good idea to read these sections before determining WHO or WHAT the population is for this study. You might be vety surprised! Still confused? Check this short video out: https://www.youtube .com/watch?v=l nDPVBp-1 A
a.. Identify the POPULATION for this study:
b. Specifically, how was the SAMPLE selected from this population? Exactly how did they select the actual participants -what was the process? (i.e., were there inclusion and exclusion criteria; how did they recruit the sample and determine who would become part of the study, or who would be excluded?)
c. How large was the sample? Tell me the exact number that actuallyparticipatedin the study (just give me ONE number here):
d. In your opinion, does the sample "represenf' the population for thisstudy? (i.e., is the sample similar to the overall population that the researchersmight want to infer the results to?) \Nhy or \Nhy Not? Explain your answer.
e.Where did this study take place (there may be multiple locations i.e. laboratory, clinic, school, other):

Coursework Sample Content Preview:

Analysis 2
Student Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Analysis 2
Protection of Human Subjects in Research
The investigators indicate that they took measures to protect the human subjects who participated in the study. The ethics committee of Geneva University Hospitals approved the study. Additionally, all the participants signed consent forms during the enrollment visit. This ensured that the participants willfully agreed to take part in the research.
Population, Sample, and Setting
The population for the study is low-income smokers. For individuals to be included in the study, they had to be 18 years and above, have at least five cigarettes daily, and had smoked for at least a year. Moreover, the participants were required to commit to quitting smoking within one month and sign a quitter contract on the same. They were also to commit to participating in follow-up procedures. The investigators do not state the exclusion criteria for the participants. The sample size was 805 low-income smokers. The sample was representative of the population for the study. The investigators focused on improving cessation rates in low-income smokers and chose a sample of 805 which included individuals with a range of characteristics like age, gender, and smoking history. The study was conducted in Geneva, Switzerland, between August 2011 and May 2013. It was carried out in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva.
Data Collection Instrument
The researchers used three main instruments to collect data. Biochemical verification, self-report of no smoking, and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. The researchers described each instrument where they demonstrated how they used them. The biochemical verification was used to determine continuous abstinence from smoking. The instrument was used to ensure that the participants who received financial rewards had abstained from smoking for the period required. The self-report of no smoking was used to check evidence of no smoking in the previous 7 days, and 4 weeks after 3, 6, and 18 months. Regarding the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the researchers determined the level of nicotine dependence among the participants.
Reliability refers to consistency across time, items, and researchers (Mohajan, 2017). In other words, reliability demonstrates whether or not one would get the same results using the same instrument to measure more than once. A reliable instrument allows researchers to produce stable and consistent outcomes. In this research, the investigators ensured the standardization of procedures, especially in the biochemical tests, which they performed in person at their research unit. This ensured the sanitization of the tests, and hence the consistency of the results. Additionally, the researchers used standardized baseline and follow-up questionnaires which were accessed via Stop-ta...

Updated on January 26, 2024

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