NURSING RESEARCH RESEARCH ARTICLE ABSTRACTS

RESEARCH ARTICLE ABSTRACTS Student`s Name Name of Lecturer Name of institution Article I Silvio E. Inzucchi (2002).Oral Antihyperglycemic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes. Scientific Review and Clinical Applications. Vol 287, No. 3, Retrieved from -assn.org Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus affects more than 6% of the US population, with the great majority having type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In some older groups, the prevalence of DM and its metabolic forerunner, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) approaches 25%. Throughout the past decade, a 30% increase in the prevalence of DM has been recorded in the United States, with the most dramatic increases in younger individuals. When the long-term complications of this disease and their costs are considered, the implications of these statistics are sobering. Methods A MEDLINE search was performed to identify all English-language articles of unique, randomized controlled clinical trials involving recently available oral agents for type 2 DM. Bibliographies were also reviewed to find additional reports not otherwise identified. Studies were included in the analysis if they met the following criteria: study period of at least 3 months, each group containing at least 10 subjects at the study`s conclusion, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reported. When multiple doses of a drug were tested, the results of the highest approved dose were used. In placebo-controlled trials, HbA1c data are presented by convention as the difference between the change in treated vs placebo subjects. Results Five distinct oral drug classes are now available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Compared with placebo treatment, most of these agents lower hemoglobin A1c levels approximately 1% to 2%. Equivalent efficacy is usually demonstrated when different agents are compared with one another in the same study population. When they are used in combination, there are additional glycemic benefits. Long-term vascular risk reduction has been demonstrated only with sulfonylureas and metformin. Conclusions With few exceptions, the available oral antidiabetic agents are equally effective at lowering glucose concentrations. Their mechanisms of action are different, however, and as a result they appear to have distinct metabolic effects. These are reflected in their adverse effect profiles and their effect on cardiovascular risk, which may influence drug choice. Article II Stephen Aronoff, Sid Rosenblatt, Susan Braithwaite, John W. Egan, Annette L. Mathisen, Roberta L. Schneider, (2000). Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Monotherapy Improves Glycemic Control in the Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, Volume 23, Number 11 Abstract Background Pioglitazone hydrochloride, a thiazolidinedione compound, is a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that reduces insulin resistance by enhancing insulin action in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The mechanism of action of the thiazolidinedione class has yet to be fully elucidated, although mechanistic studies indicate that thiazolidinediones influence several processes to increase cell sensitivity to insulin, including activation of peroxisome pro...